This study compares metadiscourse markers in result and discussion sections of literature and engineering research papers. To this end, 40 research articles (20 literature and 20 engineering) are selected from two major international journals. Based on Hyland’s (2005) model of metadiscourse, the articles are codified in terms of frequency, percentage, and density of interactive and interactiona...

  Introduction: The process of discriminating among benign and malignant hyperplasia begun with subjective methods using light microscopy and is now being continued with computerized morphometrical analysis requiring some features. One of the main features called Volume Percentage of Stroma (VPS) is obtained by calculating the percentage of stroma texture. Currently, this feature is calculated ...

Studies show an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency and weight gain. This may reflect poor eating habits generally and associated low physical activity (PA) or direct impacts of breakfast on mechanisms leading to lethargy and reduced PA. The relationship between breakfast frequency and PA is inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether breakfast frequency is associated with PA level...

PURPOSE CD4(+)CD25(bright) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in patients with several malignancies and correlate with disease stage and prognosis. Breast cancer patients represent a heterogeneous population with unpredictable disease progression even at advanced stages. Circulating Tregs in correlation with HER-2/neu (HER) status and treatment with chemotherapy, either alone or in combin...

INTRODUCTION Although burst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been reported to reduce neuropathic pain, no study has explicitly investigated how the different parameters that define burst SCS may modulate its efficacy. The effectiveness of burst SCS to reduce neuronal responses to noxious stimuli by altering stimulation parameters was evaluated in a rat model of cervical radiculopathy. METHOD...

BACKGROUND Given the importance of effective patient communication, findings about influences on risk perception in nonmedical domains need replication in medical domains. OBJECTIVE To examine whether numeracy influences risk perceptions when different information frames and number formats are used to present medication risks. METHODS The authors manipulated the frame and number format of r...

Ice supersaturation (ISS) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is important for the formation of cirrus clouds and long-lived contrails. Cold ISS (CISS) regions (taken here to be ice-supersaturated regions with temperature below 233 K) are most relevant for contrail formation. We analyse projected changes to the 250 hPa distribution and frequency of CISS regions over the 21st century...

Recent work in model systems has demonstrated significant effects of rapid evolutionary change on ecological processes (eco-evolutionary dynamics). Fewer studies have addressed whether eco-evolutionary dynamics structure natural ecosystems. We investigated variation in the frequency of serotiny in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), a widespread species in which postfire seedling density and ecosy...

Current SQL aggregation functions have evident limitations for computing percentages, for which this paper proposes two SQL aggregation functions. The two novel aggregation functions are easy to use, which have wide applicability and can be efficiently evaluated. They may be used as a framework to study percentage queries and to generate efficient SQL code. Experiments compare our proposed perc...