Abstract Global climate change has caused general and serious damage to cultural heritage sites, earthen settlements buildings are particularly vulnerable water-affected disasters. Thus, this paper uses Liang Village in Pingyao County, China, as a case study, linking the human–land study Sino-French workshop of 2009/2010 disaster assessment completed after devastating rainstorm October 2021. We...

Awareness widgets facilitate coordination for both synchronous and asynchronous groupware systems. Unfortunately, they cannot be used for multi-synchronous groupware systems. With a group of architects, we have designed a new awareness widget for multisynchronous groupware system called “State Treemap”. We have developed and integrated this widget in a platform for hosting virtual teams of arch...

This essay discusses three aspects of the Terror (September 1793–July 1794): (1) The Institutions of the Terror: The Committee of General Security, the Committee of Public Safety, and the Revolutionary Tribunal; (2) the Theory of Terror: The unity and indivisibility of the people, the category of enemy of the people, and the concept of Revolution as a state of war against aristocratic/foreign c...

This paper presents an in-depth view of how architects work with maintaining product line architectures in the automotive industry. The study has been performed at two internationally well-known companies, one car manufacture and one commercial vehicle manufacture. The results are based on 12 interviews with architects performed at the two companies. The study shows what effect differences such...