The test results obtained for reinforced concrete columns by several studies have revealed that the peak displacement and cumulative hysteresis energy are important parameters evaluating damage of under horizontal bidirectional unidirectional loading. Therefore, seismic related to nonlinear with regard input should be investigated. In this study, an isotropic one-mass two-degree-of-freedom syst...

The canonical structure of the massive gravity in the first order moving frame formalism is studied. We work in the simplified context of translation invariant fields, with mass terms given by general non-derivative interactions, invariant under the diagonal Lorentz group, depending on the moving frame as well as a fixed reference frame. We prove that the only mass terms which give 5 propagatin...

a new base isolation method for reducing the destructive effect of earthquake is proposed in this method mushroom shaped basements are used under structures as base isolation. these basements have spherical surface and are located on foundations. basements have pinned arms that are connected. when the length of the arm is less then the radius of spherical surface, the action of them is similar ...

ρ mass density in the present configuration ρ0 mass density in the reference configuration J determinant of the deformation gradient Fiα components of deformation gradient xi coordinates of a point in the present configuration Xα coordinates of a point in the reference configuration Tiα components of the first Piola Kirchhoff stress tensor vi components of velocity bi components of body force p...

We calculate the pion-nucleon scattering lengths a(±) 0 and the mass parameter m0, which describes the nucleon mass in the chiral limit, at tree-level in the framework of a globally symmetric linear sigma model with parity-doubled nucleons. When recent lattice results [1] are used, we obtain m0 ≃ 300−600 MeV. While a(−) 0 is in fair agreement with experimental data, a (+) 0 is too small because...

Electromagnetic interactions play a central role in low energy physics. They are responsible for the cohesion of atoms and molecules and they are at the origin of the emission and absorption of light by such systems. This light is not only a source of information on the structure of atoms. It can also be used to act on atoms, to manipulate them, to control their various degrees of freedom. With...

we have the n-fold degeneracy of states with the same principal quantum number, or 2n-fold once the spin degrees of freedom is included. In the real world, however, the degeneracy is lifted by corrections that arise due to the special relativity. Note also that m in the Hamiltonian is not the mass of the electron, but the reduced mass m = (memp)/(me +mp) which is smaller than the electron mass ...