We present a theory of orientational order in nematic liquid crystals which interpolates between several distinct approaches based on the director field (Oseen and Frank), order parameter tensor (Landau and de Gennes), and orientation probability density function (Onsager). As in density-functional theories, the suggested free energy is a functional of spatially-dependent orientation distributi...

We show that an essential assumption in the Vafa and Witten’s theorem on P and CT realization in vector-like theories, the existence of a free energy density in Euclidean space in the presence of any external hermitian symmetry breaking source, does not apply if the symmetry is spontaneously broken. The assumption that the free energy density is well defined requires the previous assumption tha...

Scalar fields at finite temperature are considered in four dimensional ultrastatic curved spacetime. One loop nonlocal effective action at finite temperature is found up to the second order in curvature expansion. This action is explicitly infrared finite. In the high temperature expansion of free energy, essentially nonlocal terms linear in temperature are derived. e-mail: [email protected]...

where R = H and/or alkyl (aryl). Presence of electron-releasing substituents on alkene double bond increases the rate of oxythallation it is in accordance with Ads character of this reaction [2-5]. In earlier papers of this series we showed that oxidation of alkenes by an aqueous solution of thallic salts suits Taft's equation, and isokinetic relationship, too [6-8]. We studied the enthalpy ent...

We study here the large N limit in the presence of magnetic monopoles in the Yang-Mills/Higgs model in three dimensions. The physics in the limit depends strongly on the distribution of eigenvalues of the Higgs field in the vacuum, and we propose a particular, nondegenerate configuration. It minimizes the free energy at the moment of symmetry breaking. Given this, the magnetic monopoles show a ...

Using the periodic unfolding method we construct the homogenization theory for the quasistatic initial boundary value problems with internal variables, which model the deformation behavior of viscoplastic materials with a periodic microstructure. The free energy associated with models is assumed to be positive semi-definite only.

In the present article we study the Inverse Electrodynamics Model. This model is a gauge and parity invariant non-linear Electrodynamics theory, which respects the conformal invariance of standard Electrodynamics. This modified Electrodynamics model, when minimally coupled to General Relativity, is compatible with static and spherically symmetric Reissner-Nordström-like black-hole solutions. Ho...

The temperature influence on the contact angle relaxation of partially wetting drops is measured for squalane on poly(ethyleneterephthalate). The results are analyzed with the molecular kinetic model, a hydrodynamic model and a model that combines the two previous ones. For each temperature all three approaches can fit our experiments well, but only the molecular kinetic approach leads to physi...

For spacetimes with timelike Killing fields, we introduce a “Fermi-WalkerKilling” coordinate system and use it to prove a Liouville Theorem for an appropriate volume element of phase space for a statistical mechanical system of particles. We derive an exact relativistic formula for the Helmholtz free energy of an ideal gas and compare it, for a class of spacetimes, to its Newtonian analog, deri...