The chemical synthesis and properties of L-carnitine esters of P-ketopalmitic acid, /3-hydroxypslmitic acid, and ~ranstr,P-unsaturated palmitic acid are described. Isolated rat liver mitochondria oxidize the carnitine esters of these acids more efficiently than the free acids as judged by acetoacetate production and oxygen uptake. Rat liver mitochondrial extracts catalyze the conversion of palm...

1. Michaelis constants for substrates of carnitine acetyltransferase have been shown to be independent of the concentration of second substrate present. This applies to the forward reaction between acetyl-l-carnitine and CoASH, and to the back reaction between l-carnitine and acetyl-CoA. 2. Product inhibition of both forward and back reactions has been studied. Evidence has been obtained for in...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. Type II diabetic patients are reported to have higher ferritin and lower vitamin C concentrations. Considering the role of ascorbic acid in carnitine biosynthesis and the limited information on free carnitine correlations with ferritin and vitamin C levels in diabetic patients without microvascular complications, this case-control study w...

Kidney disease is associated with a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities that accompany the uremic state and dialysis dependence. These include altered L-carnitine homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunctions, in fatty acid metabolism. essential for metabolism proper function. Deficiency kidney caused by reduction endogenous renal synthesis, impaired metabolism, lower intake due to dietary restri...

Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by depolarization of mitochondrial membranes and the initiation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis are pathological responses to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in the neonatal brain. Carnitine metabolism directly supports mitochondrial metabolism by shuttling long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for beta-oxidation. Our previous studies h...

Carnitine is a physiological cellular constituent that favors intracellular fatty acid transport, whose role on platelet function and O(2) free radicals has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to seek whether carnitine interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function. Carnitine (10-50 microM) was able to dose dependently inhibit arachidonic acid incorporation...

Background: Artificial insemination with chilled sperm is a reproductive biotechnology often used in horse breeding. However, maintaining the acceptable quality after cooling, which affects frequency of pregnancy, remains an urgent problem at present time. Therefore, clarifying role important physiological metabolites, such as L-carnitine and nitric oxide, significant aspect terms possible impr...

Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually preceded by chronic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis is not well known. Recently, we reported that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis via the production of free radicals. Furthermore, we proved that L-carnitine effectively protects mitochondrial function in vivo. Therefore, we invest...

OBJECTIVE To establish criteria for the diagnosis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in the UK population using a method in which carnitine species eluted from blood spots are butylated and analysed by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). DESIGN Four groups were studied: (1) 35 children, aged 4 days to 16.2 years, with proven MCAD deficiency (mos...