A 3-D model of freckle (solute channel) formation at a microstructural level was coupled with in situ X-ray radiography to investigate the mechanisms of freckle initiation and growth. The model predictions for solute partitioning, diffusion and convection were validated via in situ X-ray radiographic measurements in Ga–25 wt.% In alloy, showing good agreement. Other key features, such as freckl...

Sugarcane bacilliforin virus (SCBV) was detected in the world collection of sugarcane gerinplasm at Cannanore in recent years. The characteristic foliar syinptolns were freckles, chlorotic stripes of vaiying length, narrowing of leaves, stunted growth, presence of internodal cracks and a "buizclzy top" appearance. Among the different genotypes, those of Sacckarum oflcinaruin appear most prone t...

Rationale: cAMP up-regulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor subtype M (MITF-M) and tyrosinase (Tyro) in the generation of heavily pigmented melanosomes. Here, we communicate a therapeutic mechanism of hyperpigmented disorder by α-viniferin, an active constituent of Caragana sinica. Methods: We used cAMP-elevated melanocyte cultures or facial hyperpigmented patches for pigmentati...

Anthracnose development by Colletotrichum musae was observed to be significantly less in the fruits of the banana cultivar 'Embul' (Mysore, AAB) infected with Phyllosticta musarum than in fruits without such infections. Anthracnose disease originates from quiescent C. musae infections in the immature fruit. P. musarum incites minute, scattered spots, referred to as freckles, in the superficial ...

We investigate whether relative contributions of genetic and shared environmental factors are associated with an increased risk in melanoma. Data from the Queensland Familial Melanoma Project comprising 15,907 subjects arising from 1912 families were analyzed to estimate the additive genetic, common and unique environmental contributions to variation in the age at onset of melanoma. Two complem...

In Oriental countries, such as China, Korea and Japan, a female beauty criterion since ancient times has been a face with fair skin, and the admiration of women with young, healthy, bright and fair skin has created a whitening cosmetics market. The color of human skin and hair is determined by a number of factors. Biosynthesis of the melanin pigment, namely melanogenesis, is the most important ...

Solar radiation induces both acute and chronic responses in the skin. Sun burn, sun tan, generation of reactive oxygen species and immunosuppression are acute responses. Wrinkles, lentigines, post-inflammatory pigmentation are chronic damages. According to one study done in Japan, it was found out that the annual ultraviolet dose received by people living in Kagoshima was 1.6 times higher than ...

BACKGROUND As melanoma incidence in Australia continues to rise, targeting high-risk individuals for early detection is of paramount importance. OBJECTIVES We aimed to design a population-specific risk assessment tool to improve on the use of intuition alone for assignment of surveillance strategies for high-risk individuals and help communicate risk more accurately and effectively to patient...

BACKGROUND Chemical peeling is a skin-wounding procedure that may have some potentially undesirable side-effects. AIMS The present study is directed towards safety concerns associated with superficial chemical peeling with salicylic acid in various facial dermatoses. METHODS The study was a non-comparative and a prospective one. Two hundred and sixty-eight patients of either sex, aged betwe...

Introduction At anti-aging medical institutions, clinicians assess the degree of aging by determining functional ages, including muscular, vascular, neural, hormone and bone ages, while identifying risk factors for accelerated aging, such as immune stress, oxidative stress, mental and physiological stress, glycative stress and poor lifestyle 1, 2). Aging is accompanied by various degenerative c...