This study investigated whether conformal radiotherapy affects hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, and the risk factors for HBV reactivation in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sixty-nine patients with HCC were included in this retrospective study. Before radiotherapy (RT), all patients underwent imaging examinations and some baseline examinations, including CBC, live...

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, outcome and risk factors for HBV reactivation in HBsAg positive breast cancer patients while on anthracycline -based adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 2,431 patients with early breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy from March 2001 to December 2005. Among these patients, ...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is widespread in the human population. Following orofacial infection, HSV establishes latency in innervating sensory neurons, primarily located in the trigeminal ganglia. A central feature of HSV pathogenesis is the ability to periodically reactivate in those neurons and be transported back to the body surface. Both transmission and disease, such as keratiti...

The establishment of latent infections in sensory neurons is a remarkably effective immune evasion strategy that accounts for the widespread dissemination of life long Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV1) infections in humans. Periodic reactivation of latent virus results in asymptomatic shedding and transmission of HSV1 or recurrent disease that is usually mild but can be severe. An in-depth und...

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported not only in HBsAg-positive patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy, but also in a proportion of HBsAg-negative patients with HBc antibody and/or HBs antibody. Recently, rituximab-plus-steroid combination chemotherapy (R-CHOP, etc.) has been identified as a risk factor for HBV reactivation in HBsAg-negative patients with malignant lymph...

After reactivation, apparently stable memories may reenter an unstable state in which they are modifiable, requiring another phase of stabilization, called reconsolidation. Recent evidence shows that during reconsolidation, reactivated memories may be updated by the incorporation of new information. In the present study, we examined whether the updating of episodic memories depends on the stren...

The dynamics of Plasmodium vivax infection is characterized by reactivation of hypnozoites at varying time intervals. The relative contribution of new P. vivax infection and reactivation of dormant liver stage hypnozoites to initiation of blood stage infection is unclear. In this study, we investigate the contribution of new inoculations of P. vivax sporozoites to primary infection versus react...

Reactivation of hepatitis B refers to the abrupt increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in a patient with inactive or resolved hepatitis B. Reactivation can occur spontaneously, but more typically is triggered by immunosuppressive therapy of cancer, autoimmune disease, or organ transplantation. Reactivation can be transient and clinically silent, but often causes a flare of disease tha...

Environmental cues often remind us of earlier experiences by triggering the reactivation of memories of events past. Recent evidence suggests that memory reactivation can be observed using functional MRI and that distributed pattern analyses can even provide evidence of reactivation on individual trials. The ability to measure memory reactivation offers unique and powerful leverage on theoretic...

Two deep geothermal wells, one of which is the deepest onshore UK well, have been successfully drilled to intersect Porthtowan Fault zone in early Permian high heat flow Carnmenellis Granite, part major post-Variscan Cornubian batholith underlies SW England. The drilling target was prognosed at 4 5 km depth from existing surface data and limited geophysics. It a late Variscan complex strike-sli...