www.frontiersinecology.org © The Ecological Society of America I the 13th century, eastern and central Europe experienced one of the most surprising invasions in human history. The Mongols, once restricted to a small portion of central Asia, swept into Russia, Hungary, Poland, and Germany and consistently defeated much larger European armies. It was only the death of the Mongol leader, Ogedai K...

Abstract This article argues that the Mongol empire's famous religious tolerance cannot be explained solely through its adoption of Inner Asian imperial political traditions ruling over ethnically and religiously diverse subjects. Instead, this pluralism can ascribed to a wider pattern Mongols. The first part analytical category immanentist religions explains not only inter-cultic transparency ...

There are many demonstrations of political interrelation of Turk kaganate and Mongol empire. The article deals with one of the points of Turk-Mongol interrelation as the ceremony of ascending the khan to the throne. It is historically proved that the ascending to the throne ceremony takes origin from Turk kaganate period by comparing the materials, concerning the facts of the history of both st...

in the mid 14th century, fars state was a suitable destination for immigrants from everywhere and various classes and nations, because of some reasons like the mongol invasion toward its surrounding in comparison to its security and stability, flourishing in the commerce and civil life in shiraz. so ethnologically, fars state had a complex combination of native zoroastrians, new converted musli...

In this paper I discuss Foucault's two recently published courses, Sëcuritë, Territoire, Population and Naissance de la Biopolitique. Foucault notes that he has undertaken a genealogy of the modern state and its different apparatuses from the perspective of a history of governmental reason, taking into account society, economy, population, security, and liberty. In the ``Governmentality'' lectu...