Abstract Drought in the forest is not only a prolonged state of water shortage, but also an occasion where interactions between plants and fungi are affected. Water efficiency accelerates range pathologies organisms, influencing ecosystems their interacting biological components. This study focuses on role mycorrhizal endophyte alleviating effects soil impact altered activity during drought hea...

Several leaf spotting or blotching fungal diseases occur on forest trees in Guilan province (N Iran). Some of them such as maple tar spot affect health of host trees severely, but many are of minor effect. This study was carried out to identify unknown and less known fungi causing leaf spot and leaf blotch diseases on broad leaf trees in this region. So far numerous fungi were collected. Four s...

MUCh attention is now given to risks and impacts of exotic pest introductions in forest ecosystems. This concern is for good reason because, once introduced, an exotic pathogen or insect encounters little resistance in the native plant population and can produce catastrophic losses in relatively short periods of time. Most native fungal pathogens of forest trees have co-evolved for eons with th...

In a study of fungi growing in various root-associated habitats in and around Picea mariana, black spruce, in northern Ontario, Canada, an examination was made of the degree to which differences in growth sites within an area of a few square kilometers might influence the structure of root-associated filamentous microfungal populations. Picea mariana roots were collected at four strongly differ...

Brown-rot fungi are Basidiomycetes that remove cellulose and other polysaccharides from wood, leaving an amorphous, brown, crumbly residue that is composed largely of lignin, hence the name brown-rot. Decay by brown-rot fungi is by far the most serious type of damage to wood in-service. These fungi cause structural failure before losses in total wood substance are detected. The effect of brown-...

Forest trees are considered important in ameliorating climate change through removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, stabilizing water catchments and for timber production. Wood decay fungi among most biotic factors ecosystems, infecting valuable landscaping causing an economic loss or preeminent recyclers of wood. In a survey forest Alamdardeh forest, northern Iran, fungal fruit bodies we...

Interactions between invasive insects and their fungal associates have important effects on the behavior, reproductive success, population dynamics and evolution of the organisms involved. The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), an invasive forest pest in China, is closely associated with fungi. By carrying fungi on specialized structures in the ex...

Mycorrhizal fungi have substantial potential to influence plant distribution, especially in specialized orchids and mycoheterotrophic plants. However, little is known about environmental factors that influence the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi. Previous studies using seed packets have been unable to distinguish whether germination patterns resulted from the distribution of appropriate edaph...

Biodiversity surrogates are commonly used in conservation biology. Here we review how fungi have been used as such in forest conservation, emphasizing proposed surrogate roles and practical applications. We show that many fungal surrogates have been suggested based on field experience and loose concepts, rather than on rigorously collected scientific data. Yet, they have played an important rol...