Starting with the slogan that understanding is a ‘knowledge of causes’, Stephen Grimm and John Greco have argued comes from knowledge dependence relations. Grounding trendiest relation on market, if are correct, then instances grounding should also give rise to understanding. In this paper, I will show prediction correct – does indeed generate in just way anticipate. However, examples not telli...

Abstract Grounding necessitarianism (GN) is the view that full grounds necessitate what they ground. Although GN has been rather popular among philosophers, it faces important counterexamples: For instance, A = [Socrates died] fully C [Xanthippe became a widow]. However, fails to C: could have obtained together with B and Xanthippe were never married], without obtaining. In many cases, debate e...

Philosophers have spilled a lot of ink over the past few years exploring the nature and significance of grounding. Kit Fine has made several seminal contributions to this discussion, including an exact treatment of the formal features of grounding [Fine, 2012a]. He has specified a language in which grounding claims may be expressed, proposed a system of axioms which capture the relevant formal ...

The grounding problem is, generally speaking, theproblem of how to embed an artificial agent into itsenvironment such that its behaviour, as well as themechanisms, representations, etc. underlying it, canbe intrinsic and meaningful to the agent itself, ratherthan dependent on an external designer or observer.This paper briefly reviews Searle’s and Harnad’sanalyses of...

A grounding of a formula φ over a given finite domain is a ground formula which is equivalent to φ on that domain. Very effective propositional solvers have made grounding-based methods for problem solving increasingly important, however for realistic problem domains and instances, the size of groundings is often problematic. A key technique in ground (e.g., SAT) solvers is unit propagation, wh...

s g F m Initiate Ack s u F m InitiateU AckG g Ack To engage conversations, especially those which have certain goals or tasks, the participants have to share many things to achieve collaboration. In each local interaction, the achievement of grounding (Clark and Schaefer, 1989; Clark and Brennan, 1991) about sharing each utterances meanings would be needed. By accumulating these grounding proce...

A great deal of contention can be found within the published literature on grounding and the symbol grounding problem, much of it motivated by appeals to intuition and unfalsifiable claims. We seek to define a formal framework of representation grounding that is independent of any particular opinion, but that promotes classification and comparison. To this end, we identify a set of fundamental ...

Lightning protection systems (LPS) for wind power generation is becoming an important public issue. A serious damage of blades, accidents where low-voltage and control circuit breakdowns are frequently occur in many wind farms. A grounding system is one of the most important components required for appropriate LPSs in wind turbines WTs. Proper design of a wind turbine grounding system is demand...

The problem of how abstract symbols, such as those in systems of natural language, may be grounded in perceptual information presents a significant challenge to several areas of research. This paper presents the GLIDES model, a neural network architecture that shows how this symbol-grounding problem can be solved through learned relationships between simple visual scenes and linguistic descript...