conditions. During the twentieth century, progress has been made in elucidating the biochemical structures and physiological roles of vitamins and other nutrients. Today, many nutrients can be produced abundantly and inexpensively through laboratory synthesis, microbial fermentation, or other processes. Thus, nutritional imbalances or other special needs for vitamins and minerals, if properly r...

Almost anything that is swallowed in pill or potion form that is not a licensed medicine is, by default, legally classified as a dietary supplement. The present paper is an overview of supplement use and is intended to provide a logical framework for their discussion. Five major supplement categories are identified: essential micronutrients; other metabolites that have vitamin-like roles; natur...

BACKGROUND Total folate intake includes naturally occurring food folate and folic acid from fortified foods and dietary supplements. Recent reports have focused on total folate intakes of persons aged > or =14 y. Information on total folate intakes of young children, however, is limited. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compute total folate and total folic acid intakes of US children aged 1-13 ...

Background: Total folate intake includes naturally occurring food folate and folic acid from fortified foods and dietary supplements. Recent reports have focused on total folate intakes of persons aged 14 y. Information on total folate intakes of young children, however, is limited. Objective: The objective was to compute total folate and total folic acid intakes of US children aged 1–13 y by u...

Breastfed infants depend on sufficient maternal iodine intake for optimal growth and neurological development. Despite this, few studies have assessed iodine concentrations in human milk and there is currently no published data on iodine status among lactating women in Norway. The aim of this study was to assess iodine concentrations in breast milk (BMIC) in lactating women and estimate iodine ...

Herbal supplements are a significant source of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), herb-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes metabolize a large number of FDA-approved pharmaceuticals and herbal supplements. This metabolism of pharmaceuticals and supplements can be augmented by concomitant use of either pharmaceuticals or supplements. The xenobiotic receptors consti...

Since implementation of the first statewide Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Vermont in 1974 (1), disadvantaged pregnant women and young children have been eligible for food supplements and other nutritional services. Nearly 50% of all women in the nation who give birth now receive support from the WIC program. The intention of the federal program ...

BACKGROUND Dietary supplements have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on cognition and AD neuropathology. The current study examines the effect of a medical food cocktail consisting of the dietary supplements curcumin, piperine, epigallocatechin gallate, α-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, B vitamins, vitamin C, and folate on cognitive functioning and the AD hallmark features a...