BACKGROUND Crispness is an important characteristic to be controlled in deep-fat fried products. The physical state of food polymers influences the development of cellular structure and textural qualities of fried food. Glassy state is believed to play an important role in the mechanical properties of low-moisture food. Therefore, an understanding of the physicochemical phenomena in the develop...

Few models concern how environmental variables such as temperature affect community structure. Here, we develop a model of how temperature affects food web connectance, a powerful driver of population dynamics and community structure. We use the Arrhenius equation to add temperature dependence of foraging traits to an existing model of food web structure. The model predicts potentially large te...

Explaining the structure of ecosystems is one of the great challenges of ecology. Simple models for food web structure aim at disentangling the complexity of ecological interaction networks and detect the main forces that are responsible for their shape. Trophic interactions are influenced by species traits, which in turn are largely determined by evolutionary history. Closely related species a...

A rich body of empirically grounded theory has developed about food webs--the networks of feeding relationships among species within habitats. However, detailed food-web data and analyses are lacking for ancient ecosystems, largely because of the low resolution of taxa coupled with uncertain and incomplete information about feeding interactions. These impediments appear insurmountable for most ...

Restoration is frequently aimed at the recovery of target species, but also influences the larger food web in which these species participate. Effects of restoration on this broader network of organisms can influence target species both directly and indirectly via changes in energy flow through food webs. To help incorporate these complexities into river restoration planning, we constructed a m...

the prevalence of food allergy is different in various nations. the identification of the most common food allergens is a priority in any population to provide effective preventive and curative measures. the aim of this study is to determine the most common food allergens in iranian children. one hundred and ninety children with skin, respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, which were thought...

background and objectives: this study was undertaken to determine the relationship between food security and individual dietary diversity score (idds). materials and methods: this population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 non-diabetic individuals aged ≥40 years, selected randomly from the tehran lipid and glucose study. household food security was measured using a validated un...

Body-size structure of food webs and adaptive foraging of consumers are two of the dominant concepts of our understanding how natural ecosystems maintain their stability and diversity. The interplay of these two processes, however, is a critically important yet unresolved issue. To fill this gap in our knowledge of ecosystem stability, we investigate dynamic random and niche model food webs to ...