Daily schedules of limited access to food, palatable high calorie snacks, water and salt can induce circadian rhythms of anticipatory locomotor activity in rats and mice. All of these stimuli are rewarding, but whether anticipation can be induced by neural correlates of reward independent of metabolic perturbations associated with manipulations of food and hydration is unclear. Three experiment...

Previous studies have shown that addictive drugs presented daily at fixed times produce circadian (oscillator-driven) anticipatory and evoked activity rhythms in rats. Other studies have shown that environmental cues paired with addictive drugs produce tolerance to drug effects and elicit craving behavior when presented without the drug. The present study tested these circadian entrainment and ...

Hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents and predisposition to malignancy are characteristic of the genetically heterogeneous inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, Fanconi anemia (FA). The protein encoded by the recently cloned FA complementation group A gene, FAA, has been expected to localize in the nucleus as based on the presence of sequences homologous to a bipartite nuclear localization...

During Pavlovian conditioning, phasic dopamine (DA) responses emerge to reward-predictive stimuli as the subject learns to anticipate reward delivery. This observation has led to the hypothesis that phasic dopamine signaling is important for learning. To assess the ability of mice to develop anticipatory behavior and to characterize the contribution of dopamine, we used a food-reinforced Pavlov...

The investigational chemotherapeutic drug flavone acetic acid (FAA) acts as an immunomodulator by augmenting natural killer activity in both humans and rodents after in vivo administration. The accumulated data derived from a series of experiments also demonstrates that FAA synergizes with interleukin 2 (IL-2) for the treatment of murine renal cancer. The immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic ...

During bimanual load lifting, the brain must anticipate the effects of unloading upon the load-bearing arm. Little is currently known about the neural networks that coordinate these anticipatory postural adjustments. We measured neuromagnetic brain activity with whole-head magnetoencephalography while participants performed a bimanual load-lifting task. Anticipatory adjustments were associated ...

Daily feeding schedules generate food anticipatory rhythms of behavior and physiology that exhibit canonical properties of circadian clock control. The molecular mechanisms and location of food-entrainable circadian oscillators hypothesized to control food anticipatory rhythms are unknown. In 2008, Fuller et al reported that food-entrainable circadian rhythms are absent in mice bearing a null m...

Anticipatory neural activity preceding behaviorally important events has been reported in cortex, striatum, and midbrain dopamine neurons. Whereas dopamine neurons are phasically activated by reward-predictive stimuli, anticipatory activity of cortical and striatal neurons is increased during delay periods before important events. Characteristics of dopamine neuron activity resemble those of th...

A human ovarian carcinoma, IGROV-1, was xenografted into different sites (i.p., s.c., i.v., and intrasplenically) in nude athymic female mice to investigate the pattern of antitumour efficacy of FAA and compare it to that of doxorubicin and cisplatin, two established cytotoxic drugs. Ascitic and lung-growing tumours totally failed to respond to FAA, whereas s.c. and liver-growing tumours were s...