This paper describes the design, tuning, and evaluation of a full-range adaptive cruise control (ACC) system with collision avoidance (CA). The control scheme is designed to improve drivers’ comfort during normal, safe-driving situations and to completely avoid rear-end collision in vehicle-following situations. Driving situations are divided into safe, warning, and dangerous modes. Three diffe...

The purpose of this study was investigating the effects of curcumin on the histological changes and functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model. Following either sham operation or SCI, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: sham group, curcumin-treated group, and vehicle-injected group. Locomotor function was assessed according to the Basso, Be...

The design of an innovative rear-end collision-warning system was evaluated for effectiveness. The crash scenario involves a lead vehicle not moving (LVNM) in one lane of a straight, dry, paved arterial road and a following vehicle approaching in the same lane. The LVNM has a rearfacing sensor and is equipped with the rear crash-warning system, which allows the LVNM to flash its brake lights or...

background: hawthorn species decreases blood pressure and relaxes precontracted vessels. this study aimed at examining the antihypertensive effect and related mechanisms of hydroalcoholic extract of crataegus azarolus subspecies aronia fruit in rats with renovascular hypertension. methods: six groups of male sprague-dawley rats, each containing 6 to 8 rats, were studied. the groups comprised of...

This research effort analyzes the Wiedemann car-following model using car-following periods that occur at different speeds. The Wiedemann car-following model uses thresholds to define the different regimes in car following. Some of these thresholds use a speed parameter, but others rely solely upon the difference in speed between the subject vehicle and the lead vehicle. The results show that t...

Background: B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 protein, bcl-2, is an important anti-apoptotic factor that has been implicated in lithium’s neuroprotective effect. However, most studies have focused on assessing the effects of lithium in neurons, ignoring examination of bcl-2 in astrocytes, which also influence neuronal survival and are affected in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate whet...

objective(s):melatonin is known as an anti-inflammatory agent, and it has been proven to exert neuroprotection through inhibition of cell death (apoptosis) in several models of brain injury.secondary injury following the primary traumatic brain injury (tbi) results in glial cells activation, especially astrocytes. in fact, astrocyte activation causes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines...

Recent research has shown that temporomandibular symptoms may be associated with or occur independently of whiplash-associated disorders related to motor-vehicle collisions. A PubMed/Medline search was conducted using the terms "temporomandibular disorders," "orofacial pain," "temporomandibular joint," "whiplash," and "whiplash-associated disorders and motor-vehicle accidents and motor-vehicle ...

A convoy problem is formulated and solved for two four-wheeled vehicles. The task is for the second vehicle to follow the leader’s trajectory with a constant time delay. This delayed trajectory can be viewed as the trajectory of a delayed leader. This novel constant-time-delay concept allows for the estimation of the delayed leader’s speed and heading using the vehicle kinematics. Decoupled lon...

In this paper, we consider the problem of vehicle following control with delay. To solve the problem of traffic congestion, one of the solutions to be considered consists in organizing the traffic into platoons, that is groups of vehicles including a leader and a number of followers ”tightly” spaced, all moving in a longitudinal direction. Excepting the stability of individual cars, the problem...