Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The Type O PanAsia-2 (O PA-2) vaccine strain protective against wide range of serotype FMD virus (FMDV) strains in East Asia, A22 Iraq/24/64 (A22 IRQ) most widely used antigen banks. aim this study was produce antigens from PA-2 IRQ viruses using ...

Despite years of biannual mass vaccination of cattle, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains uncontrolled in Anatolian Turkey. To evaluate protection after mass vaccination we measured post-vaccination antibodies in a cohort of cattle (serotypes O, A and Asia-1). To obtain results reflecting typical field protection, participants were randomly sampled from across Central and Western Turkey after ...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease occurs at lower incidence in premenopausal females compared with age-matched males. This variation may be linked to sex differences in inflammation. We prospectively investigated whether inflammation and components of the inflammatory response are altered in females compared with males. METHODS We performed 2 clinical studies in healthy volunteers. In 12 men ...

Since the signing in 1987 of the Hemispheric Plan for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PHEFA) by the countries of South America, clinical cases of foot and mouth disease (FMD) have decreased significantly throughout the continent. During the early 1990s, national laboratories diagnosed an average of 766 cases per year in South America. By the late 1990s, this continent-wide average ha...

A field study investigated the effects of foot and mouth disease vaccine storage temperature for 7 days (frozen, refrigerated or held at ambient temperature) and dose (half or full dose) on the serological response to vaccination. It utilised a complete factorial design replicated on 18 smallholder cattle farms in three villages in Pursat province, Cambodia. Antibody responses from the 108 catt...

A water-in-oil adjuvanted FMD vaccine was formulated and tested in weanling fattening pigs. Following inoculation by either the subcutaneous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal routes, the vaccine induced a rapid onset of immunity demonstrable by challenge as early as 7 days post-inoculation. Duration of immunity following a single inoculation at the time of weaning provided protection against ch...

Sera was collected from village livestock during the vaccination trial in 21 northern Thai villages. Animals from the project database were divided into two groups. Those with 10glO serum neutralisation test (SNT) titres of < 1.2 to all three serotypes (A, 0, and Asia I) were classified as seronegative and those with a higher titre to at least one were classed as seropositive. At the start of t...

A plasmid DNA vaccine candidate (pCEIS) encoding two foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) has been demonstrated to have the ability to elicit both FMDV-specific T cell proliferation and neutralizing antibody against FMD in swine. In this study, the efficiency of the pCEIS DNA vaccine when administrated by intramuscularly injection in swine w...

BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Uganda in spite of the control measures used. Various aspects of the maintenance and circulation of FMD viruses (FMDV) in Uganda are not well understood; these include the role of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as a reservoir for FMDV. To better understand the epidemiology of FMD at the livestock-wildlife-interface, samples were colle...