Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as a valuable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients deemed to have high or prohibitive perioperative risk. However, there are several technical constraints and procedural risks inherent to TAVI. These risks include annulus rupture, ventricular perforation, aortic dissection, coronary occlusion, and dislod...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has evolved to become the preferred minimally invasive approach for treating large-burden renal stones. This approach has replaced open renal surgery for stones. It has also evolved into a treatment option for treating noninvasive urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. Current percutaneous access techniques involve fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance w...

Lumbar epidural injections are typically performed blindly or with fluoroscopic guidance. CT fluoroscopy (CTF) can be used to guide needle placement precisely and rapidly, allowing visualization of the optimal needle path and identifying potential problems such as severe stenosis and synovial cysts before needle insertion. Operator and patient radiation dose is minimal when using the intermitte...

Since cone-beam computed tomography (CT) has been adapted for use with a C-arm system it has brought volumetric CT capabilities in the interventional suite. Although cone-beam CT image resolution is far inferior to that generated by traditional CT scanners, the system offers the ability to place an access needle into position under tomographic guidance and use the access to immediately begin a ...