The sealing performance of end fittings is very important for offshore oil and gas pipelines. To investigate the sealing behavior of a ring-shaped wedge seal, global and local numerical models of the ring–pipe interaction have been developed based on the finite-element method. First, the sealing process of the ring under pressure is simulated. Second, a criterion for the penetration of fluid pr...

Bend existence induces changes in the flow pattern, velocity profiles and water surface. In the present study, based on experimental data, first three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is simulated by using Fluent two-phase (water + air) as the free surface and the volume of fluid method, to predict the two significant variables (velocity and channel bed pressure) in 90º sharp...

Deep drawing is an important process used for producing cups from sheet metal in large quantities. The process parameters and viscosity of fluid is maintained the major role in the hydro forming-deep drawing process. Hydraulic pressure can enhance the capabilities of the basic deep drawing process for making metal cups. Hydraulic pressure contributes positively in several ways to the deep drawi...

where Qf is the net transvascular fluid flow, K is the fluid filtration coefficient, P is the hydrostatic pressure in the microvascular* lumen (mv) and perimicrovascular* interstitial fluid (pmv), respectively; a is a weighted plasma protein reflection coefficient which determines the "effective" transvascular protein osmotic pressure difference; and II is the protein osmotic pressure in the pl...

where Qf is the net transvascular fluid flow, K is the fluid filtration coefficient, P is the hydrostatic pressure in the microvascular* lumen (mv) and perimicrovascular* interstitial fluid (pmv), respectively; a is a weighted plasma protein reflection coefficient which determines the "effective" transvascular protein osmotic pressure difference; and II is the protein osmotic pressure in the pl...

Interstitial fluid pressures in the lung were estimated in 39 dogs from pressure measurements made in implanted perforated capsules. Special operative procedures were used to minimize operative trauma of the lungs and infection and inflammation in and around the implanted capsules. In 86X of the preparations, the x-ray findings indicated little remaining inflammation and edema around the capsul...

In six anaesthetised and ventilated dogs the CSF pulse pressure was compared with the volume-pressure response (VPR) during continuous inflation of an extradural balloon. Both pulse pressure and VPR increased linearly with the ventricular fluid pressure (VFP) up to a mean VFP of 60 mmHg. At this pressure a breakpoint occurred above which the CSF pulse pressure showed a steeper linear increase, ...

PURPOSE To measure the effects of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp) on retrolaminar tissue pressure (RLTp) and the translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG), particularly at low CSFp, which is the normal situation in erect posture. METHODS Micropipettes coupled to a servonull pressure system were passed into eyes of anesthetized dogs to the optic disc and advanced in steps through the lamina cr...

where Qf is the net transvascular fluid flow, K is the fluid filtration coefficient, P is the hydrostatic pressure in the microvascular* lumen (mv) and perimicrovascular* interstitial fluid (pmv), respectively; a is a weighted plasma protein reflection coefficient which determines the "effective" transvascular protein osmotic pressure difference; and II is the protein osmotic pressure in the pl...

1. A method for measuring interstitial 'fluid' pressure by using a wick consisting of long-stranded cotton wool at the interface of the tissue is described. 2. A correct measurement of hydrostatic fluid pressure was obtained when the wick, connected to a suitable transducer, was applied to filter paper in which the channels contained fluid at a known subatmospheric pressure. 3. A mean subatmosp...