As a representative fluid-transporting system, fluid-conveying pipes play an essential role in many fields. For pipe system operation, fluid pulsation contains much information about flow parameters (flow velocity, pressure, etc.). Therefore, the measurement of is important for understanding internal flow. To use polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film sensors to indirectly measure pr...

according to flexibility of pneumatic conveying systems with respect to other types of transmission systems, this system has wide application in industry and agriculture processes. one important application of this system is in the loading and unloading tankers and powdery bulk materials such as trucks carrying cement, plaster and sand. conveying efficiency is associated with pressure, which in...

Surface science and molecular biology are often concerned with systems governed by fluid dynamics at the nanoscale, where different physical behaviour is expected. With advances in nanofabrication techniques, the study of fluid dynamics around a nano-object or in a nano channel is now more accessible experimentally and has become an active field of research. However, developing nanoscale probes...