Red light (R) has a dual effect on the seed germination of the two related species Arabidopsis thaliana and Sisymbrium officinale. The two species provide different means to separate the light-effects. In S. officinale, stimulation of germination by R depends on the stimultaneous presence of nitrate (light-effect I). The effect of both factors is completely blocked by tetcyclacis, an inhibitor ...

Multilayered thin films consisting of high electrical conductivity copper layers sandwiched between pairs of low coercivity ferromagnetic alloys can exhibit giant magnetoresistance. The magnitude of the magnetoresistance increases with the structural and chemical perfection of the interfaces. Recent atomistic modeling and experimental observations have shown that nickel and cobalt atoms in the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local antineoplastic treatment with the potential for tumor cell specificity. PDT using either hematoporphyrin derivatives or 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been reported to induce brain edema indicating disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We have evaluated the ability of ALA-mediated PDT to open the BBB in rats. This will permi...

Laser treatment of port wine stains has often been modelled assuming that blood is distributed homogeneously over the dermal volume, instead of enclosed within discrete vessels. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the consequences of this assumption. Due to strong light absorption by blood, fluence rate near the centre of the vessel is much lower than at the periphery. Red blood cells near ...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that low-level fluences done repetitively on a hair follicle will produce permanent hair removal with less discomfort and fewer side effects than a single high-fluence pulse. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a low-fluence, high-repetition rate versus a high-fluence, low-repetition rate 810-nm diode laser for permanen...

The development of structural changes in ZnO targets, upon laser irradiation at the wavelengths of 266 and 308 nm, is studied by Raman spectroscopy. At the wavelength of 308 nm, oxygen vacancies are found to develop monotonically with increasing laser intensity. At 266 nm, a structural change in the irradiated ZnO targets, possibly related to nanostructuring, is observed above the laser fluence...

The nondestructive nature of static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in the context of studies of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules has been examined by measuring the primary ion fluence dependence of secondary ion signals with two well-known SAMs, C18H37SH on Au(1 1 1) and C18H37PO3H2 on freshly cleaved mica. This SIMS analysis is challenging because the bonding natur...

Chloroplast avoidance movements mediated by phototropin 2 (phot2) are one of most important physiological events in the response to high-fluence blue light (BL), which reduces damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Protein phosphatase 2A-2 (PP2A-2) is an isoform of the catalytic subunit of PP2A, which regulates a number of developmental processes. To investigate whether PP2A...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Achieving local control of gliomas with photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the delivery of adequate light fluences to depths of 1-2 cm in the resection margin where the majority of local recurrences originate. This is clinically impractical with current single-shot, intraoperative PDT treatments due to the length of time required to deliver adequate fluences. Multiple ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluence map editing in electronic tissue compensator (ETC) on the dose homogeneity for head and neck cancer patients. Treatment planning using 6-MV X-rays and bilateral field arrangement employing ETC was carried out on the computed tomography (CT) datasets of 20 patients with head and neck cancer. All the patients were planned in Varian E...