Companies that generate a large amount of wood ash will need an industrial process to agglomerate the ash and lower its reactivity, because untreated ash is a dust hazard for workers and is difficult to spread evenly on forest soil. In addition, untreated ash can cause burning damage to vegetation owing to its alkalinity and rapid release of salts. Production of large amounts of wood ash agglom...

variety of energy–ecology optimizing means that optimum result of fuel combustion is focused not only on the direct efficiency of its usage but also on minimum environmental damage. best possible fuel combustion connected with controlled level of chemical underburn is considered to be one of the simpliest, cheapest and the most effective methods of optimizing. it is essential to notice that the...

The efficiency of the application of high-emissivity coatings on the furnace walls in steam cracking technology can only be evaluated on the asis of a description of radiative heat transfer distinguishing between the frequency bands. To this end, a non-grey gas radiation model based on he exponential wide band model (EWBM) has been developed and applied in the context of three-dimensional CFD s...

Elemental mercury in flue gases from coal combustion is difficult to control. However, oxidized mercury species are soluble in water and can be removed with a high degree of efficiency in wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) systems operating in coal combustion plants, provided that no re-emissions occur. In this article the mechanisms affecting the re-emission of oxidized mercury species in WF...

The exhaust gases from an oil-fired hospital waste incinerator were examined during normal incinerator operation. The design-specified operating temperature was 800 degrees C in the primary combustion chamber and 1000 degrees C in the secondary chamber. Flue gas temperatures, measured from the sampling point at the base of the exhaust stack, varied over the range 186-305 degrees C, and bacteria...

The paper discusses the various methods used in Europe to reduce emissions of pollutants from the stack gases of municipal incinerators. With respect to NOx, the paper mentions two experimental postcombustion control approaches involving the addition of chemicals to the wet-scrubber system to oxidize or reduce the NOx to absorbable NO 2 or dischargeable N 2. As pointed out , these methods would...

The (14)C method is a very reliable and sensitive method for industrial plants, emission authorities and emission inventories to verify data estimations of biogenic fractions of CO(2) emissions. The applicability of the method is shown for flue gas CO(2) samples that have been sampled in 1-h intervals at a coal- and wood-fired power plant and a waste incineration plant. Biogenic flue gas CO(2) ...

*1 Yokohama Dockyard & Machinery Works *2 Yokohama Research & Development Center, Technical Headquarters It usually takes a few weeks to analyze dioxins concentration in flue gas from MSW incinerators by official method. In order to reduce the required time for analysis, we have developed an on-line measuring equipment for pentachlorodibenzofuran (P5CDF) and a real-time measuring equipment for ...

Background Greater use of gas would make metal production more environmentally friendly while improving the competitiveness of Norwegian metal producers. By “gas” we refer here to natural gas, biogas, hydrogen and flue-gases from the metal production industry’s own and other industries’ production processes. Gas can replace coal and coke or provide a basis for the development of new processes t...

Fired steam generators are the dominating technology of coal combustion in power plants. This paper presents a model for pulverized coal fired steam generators in Modelica. The model components are designed as an extension of SiemensPower, a Modelica library for transient simulation of power plants. The focus is on coal combustion, gas-particle-flow and radiation heat transfer in the furnace. T...