The use of tendon transfer to restore functions of extremities was initially recognised in the 19th century, and its advancement was further amplified by the polio epidemic towards the turn of that century. Tendon transfer surgery extended to the use for traumatic reconstructive surgery during World War I, with key surgical pioneers, including Mayer, Sterling Bunnell, Guy Pulvertaft and Joseph ...

[Medical Research Council (MRC) 2–3] was detected in the triceps brachii, f lexor carpi ulnaris and median nerve-innervated hand muscles. The flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris and finger flexors were mildly impaired. The shoulder girdle muscles, the biceps brachii, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis were spared. The muscle stretch reflexes were normal, except fo...

The aims of this study were to explore muscle activity levels during different violin repertoires, quantify the general bilaterally in upper extremity muscles, and evaluate associations between anthropometrics characteristics. In 18 skilled players surface EMG was recorded from trapezius (UT), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), cummunis (EDC), radialis (ECR) A E...

There is a continuing controvers), in the literatwe and in clinical practice about whether positioning devices are effectIVe in decreasing spasticity and, If so, whlCh type is most effective. In this study, the immediate effects of a volar resting splint, a finger s/Jreader, a firm cone, and no deuice were com.pared on eight normal and four hemiplegic subJects. Electromyography (EivIC) was used...

Purpose: During volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures, we have encountered patients with an anomalous course the palmar cutaneous branch (PCB) median nerve within sheath flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon. The purpose this study was to assess frequency and location variations PCB FCR tendon.Methods: This retrospective enrolled 83 who underwent locking fixations through a modified Henr...

The palmaris longus (PL) is a slender, spindle-shaped weak flexor of the wrist. Congenital absence of the PL is estimated to occur in 15% among individuals worldwide. However, the frequency of its absence varies considerably among different population groups and with different detection techniques. In the present study, the presence of the PL tendon was examined in a Korean population (n=269) u...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of neurological disease. Mitochondrial disease can present at any age, and the clinical features are extremely varied. The FIG. 1. Neurophysiological exam of the boy at 3 years of age, performed during a myoclonic attack involving the left upper limb: Polymyographic recording (A and B) shows profuse continuous positive rhythmic (8-Hz) myoclonus co...

The object of this study was to clarify whether corticospinal excitability controlling hand muscles changes concurrently with increases in the imagined contraction level of foot dorsiflexion. Twelve participants performed actual and imagined dorsiflexion of their right foot at three different EMG levels (10, 40 or 80% of the maximum voluntary contraction). During isometric actual- or imagined- ...