What foot and ankle deformities should clinicians be aware of before total knee arthroplasty (TKA)? Deformities of concern in the coronal plane include those in which the hindfoot is in valgus or varus. These deformities include the pes planus (ie, flat foot) and cavovarus foot. Prior to TKA, decisions should be made on whether to proceed with correction of the hindfoot deformity or the knee or...

OBJECTIVE Although boys are frequently reported to have flatter feet than girls, there has been little systematic research to confirm or explain this structural difference between the genders. The objective of this study was to determine whether flat-footedness was moderated by gender in Australian preschool children and, if so, to determine the cause of this between-gender difference in struct...

This paper introduces an innovative robotic foot design inspired by the functionality and anatomy of human foot. Most humanoid robots are characterized flat, rigid feet with limited mobility, which cannot emulate physical behavior foot–ground interaction. The proposed mechanism consists three main bodies, to represent heel, plant, toes, connected compliant joints for improved balancing impact a...