Although many have recognized the risks of software monocultures, it is not currently clear how much and what kind of diversity would be needed to address these risks. Here we attempt to provide insight into this issue using a simple model of hosts and vulnerabilities connected in a bipartite graph. We use this graph to compute diversity metrics as Renyi entropy and to formulate an anti-coordin...

Terminal drought stress decreases crop yields by inducing abscisic acid (ABA) and premature leaf senescence. As potassium (K) is known to interfere with ABA homeostasis we addressed the question whether there is genetic variability regarding the role of K nutrition in ABA homeostasis and drought tolerance. To compare their response to drought stress, two barley lines contrasting in drought-indu...

Elongator complex has been associated with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II and is known to play critical roles in transcriptional elongation, as well as in tRNA modification and exocytosis. However, the specific mechanism of how human Elongator complex regulates cell growth and cell cycle remains unclear. To investigate the composition of human Elongator complex and its effects on cell gr...

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor types 1 and 2 (CNF1 and -2) produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains have 90% conserved residues over 1,014-amino-acid sequences. Both CNFs are able to provoke a remarkable increase in F-actin structures in cultured cells and covalently modify the RhoA small GTPases. In this study, we demonstrated that CNF2 reduced RhoA GTPase activity in the presence and abs...

The fortification of cereal grains with metal micronutrients is a major target to combat human malnutrition of Fe and Zn. Based on recent studies showing that N fertilization can promote Fe and Zn accumulation in cereal grains, we investigated here the influence of nitrate- or ammonium-based N fertilization on the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu as well as metal chelator pools in flag leaves and...

We found an explicit description of allGL(n,R)-Whittaker functions as oscillatory integrals and thus constructed equivariant mirrors of flag manifolds. As a consequence we proved the Virasoro conjecture for flag manifolds.

Many popular and well-established cyber security Capture the Flag (CTF) exercises are held each year in a variety of settings, including universities and semi-professional security conferences. CTF formats also vary greatly, ranging from linear puzzle-like challenges to team-based offensive and defensive free-for-all hacking competitions. While these events are exciting and important as contest...

Among the compact homogeneous spaces, a very distinguished subclass is formed by the (generalized) real flag manifolds which by definition are the orbits of the isotropy representations of Riemannian symmetric spaces (sorbits). This class contains most compact symmetric spaces (e.g. all hermitian ones), all classical flag manifolds over real, complex and quaternionic vector spaces, all adjoint ...

Cadmium accumulation in grain of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) represents a concern to consumers. In an effort to understand the regulation of Cd accumulation in maturing grain, the remobilization of 109Cd applied to stem and flag leaves was examined in two near-isogenic lines that differ in grain Cd accumulation. Absorbed 109Cd was primarily retained in the labelling flap (50-5...

Up to five percent of primary care consultations are eye-related, yet 96% of General Practitioners (GPs) do not undergo postgraduate ophthalmology training. Most do not feel assured performing eye assessments. Some red eye conditions can become sight threatening, and often exhibit red-flag features. These features include moderate pain, photophobia, reduced visual acuity (VA), eye-trauma, or un...