It is more likely that the monetary policy in Iran is discretionary and not based on a rule or a target. Besides, what is clear is that there have been explicit targets for inflation and economic growth in all five-year development plans (except the fifth plan). However, the question is that do policy makers observe the targets of development plans? Using an adjusted New Keynesian DSGE model ...

Financing is one of the most important responsibilities of public institutions such as municipalities. Financial sources of municipalities are receivable in different ways, but all of them do not have feature of sustainable revenues. It needs that firstly these items have relative continuity and secondly access to these revenues should not threaten and destroy the qualitative conditions of the ...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...