Water increases Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) rates on Ru through H-shuttling processes. Chemisorbed hydrogen (H*) transfers its electron to the metal and protonates the O-atom of CO* to form COH*, which subsequently hydrogenates to *HCOH* in the kinetically relevant step. H2 O also increases the chain length of FTS products by mediating the H-transfer steps during reactions of alkyl groups w...

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled to atomic pair distribution function analysis and Reverse Monte Carlo simulations is used to determine the atomic-scale structure of Ru nanoparticle catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The rate of CO hydrogenation strongly correlates with the abundance of surface atoms with coordination numbers of 10 and 11. DFT calculations confirm that CO dissocia...

Converting coal or natural gas into synthetic crude oil (Fischer-Tropsch method) is a costly and difficult undertaking associated with long development timeframes of up to a decade or longer, which may no longer be available (Hirsch, 2006). It would also result in a net increase in carbon emissions unless carbon is captured and geo-sequestered. This technology remains untried, would be financia...

The interest in Gas-to-Liquid technology (GTL) is growing worldwide because it involves a two-step indirect conversion of natural gas to higher hydrocarbons ranging from Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) paraffin wax. GTL makes possible obtain clean diesel, naphtha, lubes, olefins, and other industrially important organics gas. This article brief review discussing the state-of-the-art GTL, includin...

The separation and recycling of effective resources in Fischer-Tropsch wax residue (FTWR) are urgent because the environmental hazards energy waste they bring. In this study, organic solvents used to separate recyclable from FTWR efficiently, achieving goals “Energy Recycle” “Fisher-Tropsch Wax Residue Treatment”. response surface methodology (RSM) analysis model accurately evaluates relationsh...

Large-scale biofuel production plants require an efficient gasification process that generates syngas of high quality (with minimal gas contaminants and inert gases) to minimize the extent cleaning processes required for liquid production. This work presents modeling chemical looping (CLG) The CLG is integrated with a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) produce (FT) crude net-negative CO2 emissions...

Multiplicity of steady states was experimentally obser®ed, somewhat sporadically, for ( ) Fischer Tropsch FT synthesis in stirred tank slurry reactors in the reactor originally ( ) at the wax-producing normal steady state suddenly jumping to a high-temperature ( ) methane-producing steady state for some time and e®entually returning to the normal steady state. A diagnostic nonlinear analysis sh...

Magnetic, Mössbauer, and I.R. studies of nanosize particles of Fe and Co species dispersed in a cage of aluminosilicates structure, in relation to syngas (CO+H2) Fischer Tropsch conversion. The difference in the catalytic activity of such species have shown dependancy on their degree of dispersion. The carbonyl impregnation gave ultra-fine Super Paramagnetic Fe3O4, whereas the nitrate impregnat...