Abstract To understand the importance and necessity of studying objective information, in this chapter, it will first analyzes similarities dissimilarities between information subjective knowledge, then introduces basic forms finally gives role information.

In recent years, the optimization of multi-objective service composition in distributed systems has become an important issue. Existing work makes a smaller set Pareto-optimal solutions to represent Pareto Front (PF). However, they do not support complex mapping quality (QoS) objective space, thus having limitations providing representative solutions. We propose enhanced differential evolution ...