The phenomena of substitution and rotation among motor units of a muscle were examined in seven different muscles. Intramuscular motor unit activity and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded from one of the following muscles: abductor digiti minimi, first dorsal interosseous, extensor digitorum communis, flexor and extensor carpi radialis, tibialis anterior, and soleus. The sub...

The plantar metatarsal arteries of some mammals were studied. In the dog, raccoon dog and cat, the second proximal perforating branch was fully developed and produced the plantar metatarsal arteries. These plantar metatarsal arteries ran on the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles along the metatarsal bones or intermetatarsal spaces, and gave rise to the digital arteries of the second t...

Muscle and tendon variations in hand and wrist are not rare; thus their type must be well known in practicing hand surgery. Abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor digitorum (ED) are known to exhibit different variations with respect to their attachments. Various studies have reported splitting of the APL and ED [1-8]. The ED has one origin and a common muscle belly that splits into three o...

We investigated beta-band intermuscular coherence (IMC) in 92 healthy adults stratified by decade of age, and analysed variability between and within subjects. In the dominant upper limb, IMC was estimated between extensor digitorum communis and first dorsal interosseous as well as between flexor digitorum superficialis and first dorsal interosseous. In the ipsilateral lower limb, IMC was measu...

Abstract Introduction The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is commonly ruptured following a fall onto the outstretched hand. This has three subregions: dorsal, proximal, and volar. SLIL enthesis, specialised region where this attaches to scaphoid lunate, not previously been studied despite its important mechanical function in wrist joint biomechanics. study therefore aims compare histo...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies indicate that the observation of other people's actions influences the excitability of the observer's motor system. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes typically increase in muscles which would be active during the execution of the observed action. This 'motor resonance' effect is thought to result from activity in mirror neuron regions, which...

Matsumoto H, Hanajima R, Hamada M, Terao Y, Yugeta A, Inomata-Terada S, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Tsuji S, Ugawa Y. Double-pulse magnetic brain stem stimulation: mimicking successive descending volleys. J Neurophysiol 100: 3437–3444, 2008. First published October 15, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90751.2008. Magnetic stimulation with a double-cone-coil over the back of the head activates the motor tracts at t...