We report draft genome sequences of three Mexican Erwinia amylovora strains. A novel plasmid, pEA78, was identified. Comparative genomics revealed an rpsL chromosomal mutation conferring high-level streptomycin resistance in two strains. In the effector gene avrRpt2, a single nucleotide polymorphism was detected that overcomes fire blight disease resistance in Malus × robusta 5.

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nvasive plant species occur throughout all floristic regions of California, but their spatial extent, diversity, and impacts within these regions vary considerably. Alterations of natural disturbance regimes have made communities more susceptible to these invasions (Brooks et al. 2004). Fire is a natural and chronic disturbance in many California plant communities and has been observed to promo...

On the basis of existing test data high temperature mechanical properties 1860 grade steel strands, a regression model performance strands that can be used for theoretical analysis and numerical calculation is obtained. Based on non-stationary field in fire tall large space buildings, non-linear finite element method considering time integral effect to establish resistance large-span prestresse...

The molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility of host plants to fire blight, a major disease threat to pome fruit production globally, is largely unknown. RNA-sequencing data from challenged and mock-inoculated flowers were analyzed to assess the susceptible response of apple to the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. In presence of the pathogen 1,080 transcripts were differentially ...

Conducting experimental tests is an attractive and straight-forward research approach but is time-consuming and expensive in comparison with finite element modelling. A numerical approach has been developed in this project to investigate the performance of simple steel connections in fire conditions. This paper presents a quasi-static numerical analysis with cohesive elements to investigate the...

This study investigated physical, mechanical, and fire properties of the flat-pressed wood plastic composites (WPCs) incorporated with various fire retardants (FRs) [5 or 15% by weight (wt)] at 50 wt % of the wood flour (WF). The WPC panels were made from dryblended WF, polypropylene (PP) with maleic anhydridegrafted PP (2 wt %), and FR powder formulations using a conventional flat-pressing pro...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of applying methods andamount of ammonium polyphosphate (0, 2 and 4 wt%) on fire retardancy andmechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites. the resultsshowed that addition of fire retardant improved the mechanical properties such astensile and flexural strengths and fire retardancy of composites. but by increasingof fire retar...

The basic hypothesis for the assessment of fire resistance of wood structures is that for temperatures above 300 oC, wood is no longer able to sustain any load. Consequently, the determination of the location of the 300 oC isotherm, the charring depth, is decisive for the result of fire resistance calculation methods. Charring rate of wood is dependent of numerous factors, such as wood species ...