conclusions review of the studies revealed that levels of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among new tuberculosis patients are increasing in iran and the vaccination system needs to be reformed. because of the increasing number of patients coming from neighboring countries with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, this area needs more stewardship and control in order to prevent the outbreak of mul...

background and purpose: surveillance is a system of continuing health checks, is considered as a critical part of public health practice for planning and implantation of effective prevention and control interventions for communicable diseases in the region. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of an active method of data collection on the improvement of these diseases surveillance...

OBJECTIVE To identify key stakeholder preferences and priorities when considering a national healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance programme through the use of a discrete choice experiment (DCE). SETTING Australia does not have a national HAI surveillance programme. An online web-based DCE was developed and made available to participants in Australia. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1...

BACKGROUND The use of high quality disease surveillance data has become increasingly important for public health action against new threats. In response, countries have developed a wide range of disease surveillance systems enabled by technological advancements. The heterogeneity and complexity of country data systems have caused a growing need for international organizations such as the World ...

BACKGROUND Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a parasitic disease transmitted by blackflies. Symptoms include severe itching, skin lesions, and vision impairment including blindness. More than 99% of all cases are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. Fortunately, vector control and community-directed treatment with ivermectin have significantly decreased morbidity, and the treatment goal is shi...

Disease surveillance for the management of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in New Zealand has focussed, to a large extent, on the development of tools specific for monitoring Mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife. Diagnostic techniques have been modified progressively over 30 years of surveillance of TB in wildlife, from initial characterisation of gross TB lesions in a variety of wildlife, throug...

security is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of urban spaces. nowadays, most of these spaces have become merely pathways with neither social life nor sense of belonging to it. insufficiency of public surveillance along with weak sense of control and surveillance results in spaces with high crime rate. in the late 60s and early 70s, high crime statistics in open urban space...

abstract background: the university student health surveillance system can play a key role in the health promotion of the educated class of the society. this can be done through collecting information related to health and using it for screening and prevention of disease. hence, this article will be based on the necessity of existence of such system. materials and methods: we used interview and...

background: cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death worldwide. no systematic review is available on the situation of the smoking in iran, so we decided to provide an overview of the studies in the field of smoking in iranian populations. methods: published persian-language papers of all types until 2009 indexed in the iranmedex (http://www.iranmedex.com) and magiran (http://...

background several factors may cause infertility and fetal loss. blood groups antigens seem to be implied in the mechanisms of infertility and fetal loss. maternal natural antibody can react against father’s blood group antigens on spermatozoa. the effects of parental blood group system on infertility and fetal surveillance perceived by its manifestation in prezygotic (caused infertility) and p...