We introduce a new statistical tool (the TP-statistic and TE-statistic) designed specifically to compare the behavior of the sample tail of distributions with power-law and exponential tails as a function of the lower threshold u. One important property of these statistics is that they converge to zero for power laws or for exponentials correspondingly, regardless of the value of the exponent o...

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Calls for tighter regulation of financial innovations are gathering momentum in the wake of the financial crisis. In a setting where corporate innovation imposes positive and negative externalities, the social impact of corporations depends on the sharing rule between the owners of a corporation and the non-financial claimants. We examine the role of law, regulation and institutions in altering...

Bütün insanlar doğuştan eşit, suçlardan beri ve bazı haklarla mücehhez olarak doğar. Haklara sahip olma haklardan yararlanma noktasında ırkın, cinsiyetin, sosyal statünün, soyun herhangi bir etkisi yoktur. Bazı biyolojik yetersizliklerin ehliyet arızalarının bulunması durumu hariç, haklara yararlanmada eşit konuma sahiptir. İslam hukukçularının genel teorine göre her insan zimmet diye isimlendi...

The financial support of territorial communities is proposed to be considered as a process formation, distribution and use resources in order satisfy the needs interests citizens sphere all life activities relevant territory. At same time, main form remains budget financing, quality which depends on level their economic social development. state for development under conditions decentralization...

Universi ty of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K. The author would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the British Academy, Arts and Hum anities Research Board. Many of the points made with regard to the law of tort are equally applicable to its civil law equ ivalent, i.e., the law of de lict. The following labels are also used by Kennedy and Grubb. S ee I. Kennedy & A. G rubb , Medic...

the problem of compensating victims of traffic accidents is certainly one of the most important problems of a civil liability system. on the other hand, liability insurance is the main financial safeguard for the payment of the compensation of these victims. the old iranian law in this regard was passed on 1968. it had some merits and some inconveniences. it has been replaced by the new law of ...