Computer trading systems are essential for today’s financial markets where the trading systems’ correctness is of paramount economical significance. Automated random testing is a useful technique to find bugs in these systems, but it requires an independent system to decide the correctness of the system under test (known as oracle problem). This paper introduces a constraint-based oracle for ra...

How the review was carried out is briefly described. The review looks mainly at the literature published since year 2000, but does not exclude earlier publications. The sustainability of practices to limit erosion must be assessed not only in terms of the soil resource and the wider environment but must also take into account economical and socio-political factors. Soil degradation may be due t...

During the last several years, in addition to his research in condensed matter theory, Victor Yakovenko has been working in a recently emerged field of studies often called “econophysics.” Econophysics applies the methods of statistical physics to economical, financial, and social problems. Detailed references to the econophysics research in Victor Yakovenko’s group are given in his Web page ht...

This study investigates the effect of the external debt burden on economic growth and development of Nigeria .It adopted regression analysis of OLS on secondary data sourced from CBN, Economical and Financial review, Business times, Financial Standard and relevant publication from Nigeria on variable like National Income, Debt Service Payment, External Reserves, Interest rate among others. The ...

There is an undeniable positive effect of innovation for both firms and the economy, with particular regards to the financial performance of firms. However, there is an important role of the decision making process for the allocation of resources to finance the innovation process. The aim of this paper is to understand what factors explain the decision making process in innovation activities of...

Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is one the biggest issues the medical community is currently facing, as evidenced by the increasing prevalence of pan-resistant strains. In addition to treatment options, AMR also has major financial and economical implications. It has been estimated that up to 50% of antimicrobial use is inappropriate; each year approximately 2 million people in the US are infec...

Scientific abstracts presented at the International Congress for Clinicians in Complementary & Integrative Medicine 2013 This poster includes a discussion of the use of acupuncture in a community setting for various conditions. Logistics, staffing, and financial aspects of community style acupuncture will be discussed. Rationale: Community style acupuncture is an economical, high volume techniq...

It is commonly known that the factors that are affecting stock prices are macroeconomic variables, returns on alternative investment means, political and social stability, developments in other countries, risk preferences of domestic and foreign investors, information regarding companies and manipulations. Due to the effect of financial globalization and as local capital has transformed into an...

— China is being in the important time of economical reforming, which was still imperfect. As a result of the immature capital system, listed companies often had the loss situation .For the comparison between different loss frequency listed companies in redemption ability, operational capacity ,profit ability as well as development potential differences, this article will have 2003 to 2010 betw...

In the global economy, crude oil is among the most important strategic goods that affects the performance of local and international markets. Prediction of the oil price has always been an important challenging topic in the global economy and producers and consumers have constantly been trying to improve their roll in the oil price changes and for many years OPEC has been one of the key players...