Eleven-year Schwabe cycle in solar activity is not yet fully understood despite of its almost two century discovery. It is generally interpreted as owing to some sort of magnetic dynamo operating below or inside the convection zone. The magnetic field strength in the dynamo layer may determine the importance of the tachocline in the model which is responsible for the cyclic magnetic field, but ...

Entropy is a thermodynamic property toward equilibrium based on the dissipation of energy. Cells constitute such a thermodynamic system, in which entropy production is both inevitable and highly significant. Although the experimental measurement of entropy production in a cell is very difficult, a new method to accomplish this in living cells is reported herein. Through heating the sample by al...

We describe models of Mandarin prosody that allow us to make quantitative measurements of prosodic strengths. These models use Stem-ML, which is a phenomenological model of the muscle dynamics and planning process that controls the tension of the vocal folds, and therefore the pitch of speech. Because Stem-ML describes the interactions between nearby tones, we were able to capture surface tonal...

Monodisperse microcapsules with ultra-thin membranes are microfluidically designed to be highly sensitive to osmotic pressure, thereby providing a tool for the direct measurement of the osmotic strength. To make such osmocapsules, water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion drops with ultra-thin shells are prepared as templates through emulsification of core-sheath biphasic flow in a capillary microf...

In order to predict the strength of an adhesive bond between two metal sheets, it is necessary to measure the physical state of the adhesive layer that mechanically joins the two pieces of metal. This requires rapidly performing a detailed analysis of the ultrasonic echoes reflected from the entire structure when it is immersed in a water bath for a normal ultrasonic pulse-echo inspection. To a...

This paper presents the field trial measurement data of WiMAX base station; it includes the system coverage, signal strength and available transmission rate. Data consisting of real time images, VoIP internet telephone are transmitted through Skype software by using WiMAX, HSDPA (3.5G) and EDGE (2G) transmission techniques, and these data are connected to centrally equipped wireless monitoring ...

Measuring a quantum system can randomly perturb its state. The strength and nature of this back-action depends on the quantity which is measured. In a partial measurement performed by an ideal apparatus, quantum physics predicts that the system remains in a pure state whose evolution can be tracked perfectly from the measurement record. We demonstrate this property using a superconducting qubit...

Background Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS) allows insight into cardiac energetics in vivo, but it is a technique with an intrinsically low signal to noise ratio (SNR). The 2.4x increased SNR, that is predicted by theory at 7T compared to 3T, should allow detection of smaller changes in metabolite concentrations or measurement of changes in smaller patient groups, which will f...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is nowadays a most widely use in medicine for diagnostic imaging and in research studies. At the present time many research studies follow with problematic about human vocal tract modeling. This paper is devoted to the design and optimization of head probe coil for vocal tract imaging. For the reason of requirement voice recording during measurement, this head p...

Recent discoveries in a helicon plasma show a decrease in equilibrium plasma density as magnetic field strength is increased. This can be explained in the framework of a low frequency electrostatic instability. However, quiescent plasma behavior in helicon sources has been hitherto accepted. To verify the existence of an instability, extensive measurements of fluctuating quantities and losses a...