S U M M A R Y Slip-rate function and the rupture velocity are two important parameters that are critical in understanding the physics of earthquakes. When conventional objective functions are used, the slip-rate function is not well resolved from seismic data. Here, we propose a new method to obtain the slip-rate function by utilizing the near-field phases recorded near the fault rupture. First...

currently in development and its strategies in developing countries there are different opinions, but what almost all experts, development and relevant international institutions, many have emphasized on the necessity of emphasizing human development nations and active participation in the development process is. two decades more than two million people worldwide died of natural crises have los...

OBJECTIVES This article sought to review and compare data of major earthquakes of the past decade and their aftermath in order to compare the magnitude, death toll, type of injuries, management procedures, extent of destruction and effectiveness of relief efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of the various aspects of management and aftermath of 5 major earthquakes of the past ...

Abstract. Short-term variations in sets of geophysical and biological parameters that were monitored at the Garm research site for a long time are considered in relation to an earthquake of magnitude M = 5.3. Daily average data of electrical resistivity, electrototelluric field, electrochemical potential, water conductivity and hourly average data of electrical activity of weakly electric fishe...

Although the energy transmitting boundary (TB) is accurate and efficient for the finite element method earthquake response analysis, it could be applied in the frequency domain only. In the previous papers, the author proposed an earthquake response analysis method using the time domain energy TB for two-dimensional (2D) problems. In this paper, this technique is expanded for three-dimensional ...

An analysis has been made of the rupture mechanism of two earthquakes which occurred in the vicinity of the oblique collision beneath the tip of the descending Philippine Sea plate and the Pacific plate beneath Chiba, Japan. The M=6.5 1956 Chiba earthquake occurred in a dense nest of seismicity at a depth of between 70 and 80km beneath Chiba city, and may represent deformation at the tip of the...

The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake produced static offsets at continuously operating GPS stations at distances of up to 4500 kilometers from the epicenter. We used these displacements to model the earthquake and include consideration of the Earth's shape and depth-varying rigidity. The results imply that the average slip was >5 meters along the full length of the rupture, including the app...

A hybrid slip model combined an Asperity model and k model for predicting near-field strong ground motion is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the asperity model charactering lower wave number of slip distribution is estimated based on works of Wang (2004), Wang and Tao (2004a, b). Secondly, k square slip model charactering higher wave number of slip distribution was determined based on research...

S U M M A R Y Historical reports of an earthquake in Tonga in 1865 November identify it as the only event from that subduction zone which generated a far-field tsunami observable without instruments. Run-up heights reached 2 m in Rarotonga and 80 cm in the Marquesas Islands. Hydrodynamic simulations require a moment of 4 × 1028 dyn cm, a value significantly larger than previous estimates of the...

Computer simulations will be key to substantial gains in understanding the earthquake process. Emerging information technologies make possible a major change in the way computers are used and data is accessed. An outline of a realizable computational infrastructure includes standardization of data accessibility, harnessing high-performance computing algorithms, and packaging simulation elements...