Type 2 diabetes arises when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin to cope with metabolic demands resulting from β cell secretory dysfunction, decreased β cell mass, or both. Epidemiologic studies have shown strong relations between poor fetal and early postnatal nutrition and susceptibility to diabetes later in life. Animal models have been established, and studies have sho...

AIM To detect cytotoxic effects of blood serum (BS) from schizophrenia patients on astrocytes and neurons in the human fetal brain organotypic culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors studied the human fetal brain organotypic culture after the application of BS from 20 healthy donors and 33 untreated patients with attack-like progressive schizophrenia (ICD-10: schizophrenia, paranoid type, F20.0...

BACKGROUND Term and near-term infants are at high risk of developing brain injury and life-long disability if they have suffered from severe perinatal asphyxia. We hypothesized that propofol administration to the maternal-fetal unit can diminish cerebral injury in term and near-term infant fetuses in states of progressive severe asphyxia. METHODS Forty-four late preterm lambs underwent total ...

The function of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) is critical for embryo organogenesis until final fetal development in rats, and can be affected by conditions such as diabetes. In view of the importance of diabetes during pregnancy for maternal and neonatal health, the objective of this study was to assess fetal weight, VYS cell markers, and viability in female Wistar rats (200-250 g) with induced d...

Background: Although the bio kinetics, metabolism and chemical toxicity of Atorvastatin are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential neurotoxic effect of Atorvastatin (Atv). Regarding the concrete evidences indicating Atv may reduce Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels through blockage of  metalonate cycle, the present work aims to determine if Atorvastatin may provide toxic...

The health risks associated with outdoor air pollution are of global concern. Atmospheric negatively affects a number key aspects human health, including the functioning respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous systems, but many issues remain unresolved about relationship between atmospheric development course pathologies. review analyzes data from Russian foreign sources on effect parti...

The concerns about the possible risk of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised recently. Nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CO and CONP) are widely used in many industries. In this regard, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that CONP is a toxic compound in different cell lines. Despite their unique properties, NPs possess unexpected toxicity profiling relative to the bulk m...

Viruses are known to hijack the intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and cytoskeleton promote its replication. The host responds invading viruses by mounting antiviral responses rearrangement of organelles. In particular, mitochondria one target organelles exploited their proteins suppress response. this review, we have comprehensively summari...

This review considers modern data on the morphology and functions of mitochondria in neurons glial cells various brain structures laboratory rodents. We discuss main aspects intracellular regional heterogeneity neuronal mitochondria. The functional differences between different cerebral regions are highlighted. analyze structural features gliocytes as well their role maintaining glioneuronal in...