Electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy and complement fixation as methods of detecting rotavirus in the stools of young children with gastroenteritis were compared in a blind study during the winter of 1975-6. Complement fixation was the simplest to perform, was as sensitive as the other two, and allowed a quantitative measurement of viral excretion. Absorption of faecal extracts with ...

Many investigators have used xenogeneic, especially murine stromal cells and fetal calf serum to maintain and expand human stem cells. The proliferation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells in ex vivo culture were examined with the goal of generating a suitable protocol for expanding hematopoietic stem cells for patient transplantation. Using primary fetal liver cells, we established...

A feline monocytic cell line was established from a venous blood sample obtained from a healthy male donor cat. The cloned cells, temporarily named FLMo/K02, were successively passaged in vitro with cell growth medium consisting of RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. Non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase, as marker enzymes, were clearly demonstrated by cytoch...

The calf vibrios thus far studied include one strain serologically distinct from the fetal strains. The others are closely related to the fetal strains though not identical with them. The pathogenic characters of the calf vibrios, either as possible descendents of Vibrio fetus, or as independent factors in the production of enteritis have not been demonstrated.

The concentration and electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins of the fetus differ from those of the adult in animals (1-3) as well as in man (4-7). In early fetuses of some species, serum proteins have been described which are either absent or modified at later stages of development (8, 9). Pedersen (10) first recognized in the newborn calf a large amount of an unusual a-globulin for which he...

A better method for diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis is needed because culture is slow and somewhat lacking in sensitivity. Immunodiagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection usually involves detection of antigen-antibody reactions with an anti-immunoglobulin conjugate. However, nonspecific immunoglobulin (Ig), bound to the surface of T. foetus, would also be detected by an anti-Ig conjugate ...

Tracking cellular 57Co-labelled cobalamin (57Co-Cbl) uptake is a well-established method for studying Cbl homeostasis. Previous studies established that bovine serum is not generally permissive for cellular Cbl uptake when used as a supplement in cell culture medium, whereas supplementation with human serum promotes cellular Cbl uptake. The underlying reasons for these differences are not fully...

The rat neuroblastoma B104 cell line, which originated in the central nervous system, was able to proliferate in the absence of serum in synthetic medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, progesterone, selenium, and putrescine. When added individually, each supplement had little or no effect; however, in combination there was a marked synergistic effect on cell number. The cells attained...

Blood samples obtained 24 and 36 hr postparturition from 187 calves in 2 years were analyzed for serum concentration of immunoglobulins G1 (IgG1) and M (IgM). Serum and colostrum samples also were obtained from their dams, and corresponding immunoglobulin levels were determined. Calves were evaluated for their ability to acquire and absorb immunoglobulins and cows for their ability to produce i...

Aim: It is a common practice that 10-20% fetal calf serum (FCS) being used in the cell culture media for development and maintenance of human mononuclear cells as well other cultures. FCS produced through painful process involving animals one major cost factors. The reduction volume can make it less unethical reduce costs strongly. Materials Methods: Therefore 2-3 % 10% were different cultures ...