BACKGROUND: All-trans retinol is a biological antioxidantscavenging the ROS in the cell culture. OBJECTIVES: This studywas conducted to investigate the effect of all-trans retinol infertilization and culture medium on mouse embryo's developmentalcompetence. METHODS: This study was designed into twoexperiments. In the first experiment, in vitro mature oocytes wereco-cultured with sperm in fertil...

Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778), is one of the common echinoids widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, where it occurs from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa to Japan, Australia and Malaysia. To investigate the developmental basis of morphological changes in embryos and larvae, we documented the ontogeny of D. setosum in a controlled laboratory condition at the In...

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that in long period can damage the testis and reduce the semen quality. Therefore, it can impair the male fertility potential. Recently, different herbal therapeutic treatment for protection of diabetes and its pathologic effects have been used. The aim of current study is to evaluate the protective effect of Equisetum arvense extract (EE) on in vitr...

Background: Assisted fertilization procedures are a currently widespread practice to regulate reproduction in humans and animals. The arising question is why the human being manipulating gametes to generate new individuals, if we do not understand yet the molecular mechanism of fertilization?. Successful completion of fertilization in mammals is dependent on three membrane fusion events: 1. the...

Fertilization calcium waves are introduced, and the evidence from which we can infer general mechanisms of these waves is presented. The two main classes of hypotheses put forward to explain the generation of the fertilization calcium wave are set out, and it is concluded that initiation of the fertilization calcium wave can be most generally explained in invertebrates by a mechanism in which a...

Sand dollars are common marine invertebrates in the phylum Echinodermata and share the same class (Echinoidea) as sea urchins. They have served as model laboratory organisms for such embryologists as Frank Rattray Lillie and Ernest Everett Just [7]. Both Lillie and Just used Echinarachnius parma for their studies of egg [8] cell membranes and embryo development at the Marine Biological Laborato...

the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is an effective factor on the growth, development, and reproduction of phytophagous insects. to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on intrinsic rate of increase of cabbage aphid, brevicoryne brassicae l., plants rape oilseed (rgs003cultivar) were treated with four nitrogen levels (zero (check) 50, 100, and 150% of recommended levels. the results s...

objective: retinoids are recognized as important regulators of cell differention and tissue function. previous studies, performed both in vivo and in vitro, indicate that retinoids influence several reproductive events. in this study, we investigated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (t-ra) on maturation and fertilization rate of immature oocytes (germinal vesicle). materials and methods: g...