Premature menopause, that is, menopause - spontaneous or iatrogenic - occurring at or before the age of 40 years, affects sexual identity, sexual function and sexual relationships. The woman's health, wellbeing and achievement of life's goals may be variably impaired. Factors modulating the individual's sexual outcome after premature menopause include: etiological heterogeneity of premature men...

BACKGROUND Maternity histories provide a means of estimating fertility and mortality from surveys. METHODS The present analysis compares two types of maternity histories-birth histories and pregnancy histories-in three respects: (1) completeness of live birth and infant death reporting; (2) accuracy of the time placement of live births and infant deaths; and (3) the degree to which reported v...

Birth order has been examined over a wide variety of dimensions in the context of modern populations. A consistent message has been that it is better to be born first. The analysis of birth order in this paper is different in several ways from other investigations into birth order effects. First, we examine the effect of birth order in an egalitarian, small-scale, kin-based society, which has n...

Birth order has been examined over a wide variety of dimensions in the context of modern populations. A consistent message has been that it is better to be born first. The analysis of birth order in this paper is different in several ways from other investigations into birth order effects. First, we examine the effect of birth order in an egalitarian, small-scale, kin-based society, which has n...

The analytical framework proposed by Davis and Blake (1956) divides the process of reproduction into three elements: (i) exposure to the risk of pregnancy, (ii) the ability to conceive and (iii) successful gestation. This paper is concerned with the first element. Data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey of Tanzania (NDS) are used to investigate the role of marriage behavior in determinin...

Abortion was found to increase with contraception in some populations and decrease in other populations. The study investigated the reasons for this contradiction using selective measures limited by paucity of detailed data on abortion from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System (DSS), Bangladesh, for the 1978-1998 period. A comparison of abortion, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), desir...

BACKGROUND Based on aggregate statistics, the population of Israel, as compared to all or most other developed societies, has very high levels of fertility and marriage (e.g. TFR of 2.96 in 2009 and only 9.7% never married among women aged 40-44 in 2009). However, studying aggregate demographic measures is problematic, because Israel is an extremely heterogeneous society, with family formation ...

This study was carried out to evaluate the fertility status of soils in Ahiazu Mbaise, Imo State under three land use types using nutrient index method and fertility rating. Soil samples were collected from five sampling points each from three land use types at the depth of 0 20 cm. Samples were prepared and analysed for physical properties such as particle size distribution, bulk density, mois...

The spectacularly early decline of French fertility is one of the great puzzles of economic history. There are no convincing explanations for why France entered a fertility transition over a century before anywhere else in the world. This analysis links highly detailed individual level fertility life histories to wealth at death data for four rural villages in transition-era France, 1750-1850. ...

Through the implementation of high standard farmland construction project, original other grasslands in project area have been developed, irregular land has leveled, excavation irrigation pipe trench and matching fittings improved shortage drainage facilities area, greatly improving conditions farmland, effectively preventing loss soil fertility, promoting development potential production, comp...