OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and overweight at 14 months of age. DESIGN AND METHODS In a Spanish birth cohort study, the POPs dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs-congeners 153, 138, 180) were measured in maternal serum ...

The breast undergoes extensive changes during pregnancy and lactation that can create diagnostic challenges. This article reviews the anatomy of the breast, breast changes associated with pregnancy and lactation, and breast imaging techniques for pregnant and lactating women. Various benign breast conditions in this patient population also are discussed, such as lactating adenomas, galactoceles...

INTRODUCTION Constipation and diarrhea as a side effect of medications is a frequent occurrence. Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint that leads to physician visits, diagnostic tests and medications for treatment (1,2). Medication induced diarrhea accounts for about 7% of all adverse drug effects and there are more than 700 drugs that have been implicated in causing diarrh...

bioavailability of three rumen protected methionine (met) sources with different protection methods (mepron® m85, evonik industries, germany; methioplus®, soda nutrition, italy and methilock®, tehrandaneh co. iran) were evaluated in 2 experiments with 6 canulated non-lactating holstein cows. in experiment 1, the ruminal in situ and mobile bag techniques were used for assessing ruminal degradabi...

Juvenile red snapper settle across several complex habitats, which function as nurseries for young fish. Little is known about their life history or feeding biomechanics during this time. However, recent studies have shown higher growth rates for juveniles located on mud habitats adjacent to low profile reefs, perhaps because of varied prey availability and abundance. To further investigate the...

The present study applied fast-track surgery (FTS) concepts and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) to a rat model of heterotopic intestinal transplantation (HIT). A total of 96 pairs of Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups, as follows: i) The conventional group (group 1); ii) the FTS group (group 2); and iii) the FTS with EEN group (EEN group). FTS alterations to the H...

Physical castration (PC) is painful and stressful for nursing piglets. One alternative to PC is immunological castration (IC), but the pain and stress of handling associated with injections have not been assessed. The objectives of this study were to measure the pain and distress of subcutaneous (SQ) and intramuscular (IM) injections compared to PC in piglets, and to compare SQ or IM injections...

Omnivorous arthropods make dietary choices according to the environment in which they forage, mainly availability/quality of plant and/or prey resources. Such decisions and their subsequent impacts on life-history traits may be affected by the availability of nutrients and water to plants, that is, through bottom-up forces. By setting up arenas for feeding behavior observation as well as glassh...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore patients' quality of life (QOL) as defined by RNs in adult and pediatric oncology settings and to examine, from the perspectives of clinical nurses, the knowledge that is needed to apply QOL research outcomes in clinical practice. DESIGN Qualitative research design using a focus group technique to explore the research questions. SETTING Three sites (i.e., a ped...

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to determine if an association exists between the shape of the lactation curve before it is influenced by the event of conception and the time from calving to conception in Norwegian dairy cattle. Lactation curves of Norwegian Red cows during 5 to 42 days in milk (DIM) were compared between cows conceiving between 43 and 93 DIM and cows conceiving after 93 ...