The challenge to the pork industry is to produce lean pigs without compromising pork quality. The leanest genotypes of pigs have poorer muscle quality (lower color scores, lower percent intramuscular fat, greater drip loss) and poorer fat quality (soft, unsliceable bellies) in comparison to genotypes with average leanness. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a group of linoleic acid isomer...

The nutritional value or quality of dietary proteins used for poultry feed formulation varies: amino acid availability is an important measure of protein quality. Determination of ileal digestibility values has become the preferred method for estimating amino acid availability. This review discusses the different approaches to the expression of digestibility results, including correction for en...

The pork industry is constantly seeking economical methods which will increase production efficiency and carcass quality. Three nutritional management “tools” at pork producer’s disposal that have been demonstrated to improve growth performance and carcass characteristics are: 1) adding rendered animal fats to diets; 2) adding the recently approved feed additive ractopamine to finishing diets; ...

In today’s world, the leading industries are very much concerned about reducing down-time and increasing the productivity as well as the quality. To increase the product quality, the tool should have good performance. Drilling process is widely used in the manufacturing operations in all the manufacturing industries. In this study, two Hidden Markov Models (HMM) such as bar-graph method and the...

Pig production plays an important role in smallholder farming systems in upland villages of Lao PDR. It serves as an income source or as capital accumulation needed when crop (rice) production fails. Farmers raise pigs in many ways or systems depending on the availability of feed resources and the intensity of farming systems. There are two main problems in smallholder systems—disease and seaso...