The problem of fault tolerance in cooperative manipulators rigidly connected to an undeformable load is addressed in this paper. Four categories of faults are considered: free-swinging joint faults (FSJFs), locked joint faults (LJFs), incorrectly measured joint position faults (JPFs), and incorrectly measured joint velocity faults (JVFs). Free-swinging and locked joint faults are detected via a...

Geological forces shape the earth’s crust. Normal faults, for example, form when extensional forces pull blocks of rock apart along a plane, whereas reverse faults are formed by compressional forces. Geologists classify faults to retrace the forces that have acted on an area; however, normal and reverse faults often look similar. In this study we investigated whether viewing superficially simil...

We investigate fault-tolerant routing schemes which aim at using low number of virtual channels in wormhole-routed mesh networks. The faults under consideration are rectangular block faults, which are suitable for modeling faults on board level in networks with grid structures. There is no restriction on the number of faults. The concepts of f-ring and f-chain are used in our scheme. Messages a...

This paper presents single-cell dynamic fault models for deep-submicron semiconductor memories together with their associated tests (test primitives). The test primitives are evaluated industrially, together with the traditional tests, using 65nm technology 131 Kbytes embedded SRAMs. A comparison between static faults and dynamic faults is presented and the results are reported; they show the i...

A turn fault in the stator winding of a generator causes a large circulating current to flow in the shorted turns. If left undetected, turn faults can propagate, leading to phaseground or phase-phase faults. Incipient detection of turn’s faults is essential to avoid hazardous operating conditions and reduce down time. At present the synchronous generators are protected against almost all kind o...

According to numerous studies, there are basic and initial scaling relationship for the geometric and kinematic characteristics of faults. The study area is located in the northern part of the Kerman coal province. The statistical calculations are consisting of:  measure the surface density of faults per unite area and division of the area, determining the direction of the dominant faulting and...