During the recent earthquakes, the vertical component of the ground motion found to be exceeding the horizontal component, which directly contradicts the current codal provision that assumes the value of the vertical ground motion to be 1/2 to 2/3 of the horizontal component. Almost after every destructive earthquake engineers postulates that the structural damage such as elephant foot buckling...

Attenuation relationships that are used to characterize estimated ground motion often ignore details of the earth’s highly-variable three-dimensional velocity and attenuation structure. Increasingly available attenuation models can be used to refine the expected ground motions. First, some tests are performed to look at the effect of the variability in several parameters, such as crustal attenu...

To improve the seismic performance of bridges, this study develops a novel superelastic conical friction pendulum isolator (SCFPI) by incorporating an improved (CFPI) with shape memory alloy (SMA). The flat sliding function designed for is to enhance adaptability under service loadings. analytical model SCFPI derived and numerical developed within OpenSees platform investigate hysteretic behavi...