conclusions there were significant distinctions in the skin temperature distribution during exercise according to the activity of the area under consideration during exercise, which may be important in the development of physiological models and heat flux analyses for different purposes. results during pre-exercise, all tsk reached a steady-state (p ≤ 0.05), which ensured adequate thermal stabi...

Exercise causes a dramatic increase in energy requirements because of the metabolic needs of working muscles. Exercise-dependent factors regulate fuel use. Absolute exercise intensity determines the exercise-induced increase in energy demands, whereas exercise intensity relative to an individual's maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) determines the proportional contribution of different fuel sourc...

This study investigated the energy expenditure (EE) and substrate utilization reflected by the respiratory-exchange ratio (RER) during and after resistance exercises performed with different muscle mass. Ten male volunteers (mean±SD; 26±4yr, 179±6cm, 77±8kg) performed multiple sets of the horizontal leg press (LP) and chest fly (CF) (5 sets of 10 repetitions with 15 repetition-maximum, 1-minute...

Physical exercise dramatically increases the energy expenditure of animals. In terms of energy substrate, at the onset of exercise, the contribution of carbohydrates to the energy expenditure is relatively predominant, and decreases gradually with the progression of exercise, while fat consumption increases progressively. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a nucleus in the hypothalamus that...

In Brief: Endurance athletes and dieters are eager to burn more fat during exercise; athletes hope to conserve carbohydrate stores, while dieters wish to decrease fat stores. This article briefly reviews the role of fat as an energy source for physical activity, discusses how exercise intensity and duration affect fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and assesses the nutrition strategies athletes a...