Although there is a lot of country and regional variation, the overwhelming story across much of Africa and Asia is one of more small farms, shrinking farm sizes and increased income diversification. Despite growth, sometimes quite rapid growth, in national per capita incomes, there is little sign yet of a shift to the patterns of farm consolidation and matching levels of rural-urban migration ...

BACKGROUND The use of organophosphates (OPs) in developing countries is rising in large quantities and non-secure methods. This problem not only causes acute poisoning but also may lead to chronic diseases such as polyneuropathy. In Iran, 60% of pesticides are organophosphate compounds that may lead to delayed polyneuropathy. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to evaluate delayed...

Non-farm household enterprises are important for a number of reasons to do with poverty and employment creation. They could either be the first unit of microentrepreneurship or a coping strategy for the poorest. Either way, over 11 percent of India’s prime working age population is self-employed in these enterprises. Moreover, they are important also because they are most likely to be informal ...

Large-scale agricultural land acquisitions might entail substantial welfare implications for the affected rural population. Whether the impacts are indeed as devastating as the popular notion of “land grabs” would suggest depends on a number of factors, including the size of compensation payments, productivity spillovers on smallholders, employment opportunities for displaced farmers, and chang...

Adaptation in agriculture to climate change is important for impact and vulnerability assessment and for the development of climate change policy. A wide variety of adaptation options has been proposed as having the potential to reduce vulnerability of agricultural systems to risks related to climate change, often in an ad hoc fashion. This paper develops a typology of adaptation to systematica...

This paper explores three interconnected issues of relevance to sustainability and climate change: agro-ecological farming, poverty reduction and information and communication technologies (ICT) in developing countries. It collates evidence from different sources pointing to the potential benefits of agroecological farming methods for climate change adaptation and its poverty-reduction possibil...

Increased agricultural productivity is a key driver of wider agriculture-led economic growth and resilience in many regions heavily burdened by food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty, and it’s essential to achieving Feed the Future’s objectives, which are guided by the U.S. Government’s Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS). Greater agricultural productivity can increase food availability an...

RECOGNITION of the problems involved in providing the protection of oltl-age, swvivors, and disability insurance to fwiu o~~er:~to13 delayed coverage of this group to 1954, wl~il legislation providing corewge for self-employed farmers was enacted. Aineiidrneiits iii 19.56 inade these coverage l)rovisions both more flexible and more liberal. The first year tlint fnriu self-eiilployment income co...

This paper investigates the consequences of imperfect and uneven factor market development for farm efficiency in rural China during transition. In particular, we estimate the extent to which an inverse relationship in farm productivity can be attributed to the administrative (instead of market) allocation of land, and the extent of unevenly developed non-agricultural opportunities. Using a rec...

To live like a pig in an intensive environment Page 4 To live like a pig in a natural environment Page 6 Laying hens Page 8 Meat chickens Page 10 Selective breeding Page 12 Alternatives to factory farming Page 14 Legislation on farm animal welfare Page 16 Feeding the world – environment and resource implications Page 18 Factory farming and rural employment Page 20 Why should we care about farm ...