National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899 A description is given of the NBS program in which special photodiodes for the far ultraviolet spectral region (5254 nm) are made available as transfer standards. These detectors are calibrated in terms of quantum efficiency (photoelectrons per incident photon) as a function of wavelength. Descriptions are also given of the calibration princip...

We study the possibility of developing far-from-equilibrium computational systems, in analogy with corresponding self-organizing physical systems. We review the computational models developed in analogy with physical systems converging towards equilibrium and the research related to the self-organization of far-from-equilibrium physical systems. Based on this review, we define several nonequili...

The aim of far field splitting for time-harmonic acoustic or electromagnetic waves is to decompose the far field of a wave radiated by an ensemble of several compactly supported sources into the individual far field components radiated by each of these sources separately. Without further assumptions this is an ill-posed inverse problem. Observing that far fields radiated by compactly supported ...

A custom-built objective lens called the Mesolens allows relatively large biological specimens to be imaged with cellular resolution.

Equipment and techniques employed in an airborne far ir (80-400 micro) spectral measurement of the solar brightness temperature are described, with particular attention paid to the scanning Michelson interferometer and the radiometric calibration. The airborne performance of several telescopic guiding systems, a liquid helium cooled bolometer, and golay cells are discussed, summarizing experien...

Median sternotomy has been used for a long time as a standard approach for many cardiothoracic procedures in children. Many complications have been reported to result from this approach with different incidences. Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia has not been reported as a definite complication of such approach. This paper presents a case report for a 14-month-old boy with iatrogenic diaphragmati...

Analysts agree about the need for developing both new and cleaner energy resources. At the same time, some argue that energy efficiency can provide only a minimal role in meeting future energy needs. Hence, energy supply is encouraged while energy efficiency is supported only minimally. Analysts Douglas Lightfoot and Christopher Green suggest in a series of papers, for example, that there are p...

37. E. Evans, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 30, 105 (2001). 38. G. I. Bell, Science 200, 618 (1978). 39. For adhesive interactions important in soft tissues and organs of eukaryotic cell systems, the average times toff° reported for spontaneous dissociation of ligand/receptor bonds range from a fraction of a second to 100 s or more. 40. Because of thermal activation, the appropriate unit ...