The expansion of higher education raises the risk environment for school-leavers as more occupations become partially graduate with the result that occupational signals are fuzzy. This makes the educational decision more difficult and more risky, especially with more of the cost of higher education being transferred to the individual. After a discussion of the nature of risk, derived from Beck,...

Many companies have made significant investments in socially responsible production practices for their products. Environmentally safe cleaning roducts, fair trade coffee, and sustainable seafood are just a few examples. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis of over 80 published and npublished research papers across a large number of product categories to better understand differences in wi...

In this study, the empirical results obtained from two experiments to measure the health and aesthetic benefits of air pollution control in the South Coast Air Basin of southern California are reported. Each experiment involved the same six neighborhood pairs, where the pairings were made on the basis of similarities in housing characteristics, socioeconomic factors, distances to beaches and se...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.01.002 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 50 363 9086; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Gensler). The increasing consideration of behavioral aspects in operations management models has prompted greater use of choice-based conjoint (CBC) studies in operations research. Such studies can elicit consumers’ willingness ...

Wireless channels are characterized by more serious bursty and location-dependent errors. Many packet scheduling algorithms have been proposed for wireless networks to guarantee fairness and delay bounds. However, most existing schemes do not consider the difference of traffic natures among packet flows. This will cause the delay-weight coupling problem. In particular, serious queuing delays ma...

We develop a simple theory of flows to study the flow of data in real-time computing networks. Flow Theory is based on discrete and nondeterministic mathematics, rather than the customary continuous or probabilistic mathematics. The theory features two types of flows: smooth and uniform, and eight types of flow operators. We prove that, if the input flow to any of these operators is smooth or u...

With Weighted Fair Queuing, the link’s bandwidth is distributed among competing flows proportionally to their weights. In this paper we propose an extension of the DCF function of IEEE 802.11 to provide weighted fair queuing in Wireless LAN. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to provide the desired bandwidth distribution independent of the flows aggressiveness and their wi...

We describe an eecient fair queuing scheme, Leap Forward Virtual Clock, that provides end-to-end delay bounds similar to WFQ, along with throughput fairness. Our scheme can be implemented with a worst-case time O(loglog N) per packet (inclusive of sorting costs), which improves upon all previously known schemes that guarantee delay and throughput fairness similar to WFQ. Interestingly, both the...

The transport of real-time data flows over wireless channels can be optimized by cross-layer schedulers which serve the different users dependent on their traffic load and channel state. This paper investigates the delay performance of a two-stage cross-layer scheduler which has been designed to meet the above requirements. The well-known Weighted Fair Queuing Scheduler can tramsmit packets wit...