While the effect speculators have on forward premiums (the difference between forward and expected spot prices) has been widely studied, there has been very little focus on the effect speculators have on competition in the product market. I study the effect speculators have had on production decisions and price levels in New York’s deregulated electricity market. For the Þrst two years of its o...

Abstract This study investigates the impact of flows between bond and equity funds on investment factors over period 1984–2015. It determines contemporaneous mispricing effects a statistical reversal relation these both legs factor. The relationship previous factor is economically significant. A one-standard-deviation shock to causes 0.29% decrease in returns, which are reversed within 5 months...

the price of oil plays an important role in the global economy and is an important factor influencing the government and commercial sectors. because of increasing importance of oil in financial markets, oil price predictions have always been an important subject for the researchers in economics, and other economic agents. this paper tries to study the behavior of crude oil prices based on smoot...

in this study, yield-water and profit function was used to obtain water demand function in agriculture sector. the results showed that the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration had positive, significant effecton the ratio of actual to potential yield for wheat and barley. also, square ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration had negative, significant relationship. after estimat...

OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude of price difference between generic and innovator medicines and to evaluate the effect of the price competition between them. METHODS From January 2000 to June 2004, 135 generic medicines and their respective innovator medicines were followed up for a period of up to four years. Prices were extracted from pharmaceutical market specific publications and record...

in literature about inflation targeting, main factor is interest rate. in new surveys, price of some assets as housing is important in inflation targeting. iran inflation targeting is based on money changes and is not based on interest rate and housing price. in this paper, we want to survey problems of wrong policy of iran policy makers. we reveal that, using rate of deposit profit and growth ...