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background and aims:  using methods such as pulsed radiofrequency (prf) and nerve blocks are among the methods used in pain clinics to treat facet-originating low back pain. this study compares two methods of pulsed radiofrequency and facet joint block (fjb)regarding pain recovery and improving disability of patients suffering from facet-originating low back pain. material and method: 50 patien...

Models are the central assets in model-driven engineering (MDE), as they actively used all phases of software development. built using metamodel-based languages, and so objects models typed by a metamodel class. This typing is static, established at creation time, cannot be changed later. Therefore, MDE closed fixed with respect to class conform to, fields have, well-formedness constraints must...

BACKGROUND Many decompression procedures involve complete or partial facetectomy. Spinal fusion usually stabilizes the motion segment after complete facetectomies. However, problems with fusion, such as adjacent-level degeneration, have increased interest in motion- preservation technologies. Facet arthroplasty may become an important posterior motion-preservation device, but its biomechanical ...

STUDY DESIGN Radiologic imaging measurement study. PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of detecting lateral mass and facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine on plain radiographs using computed tomography (CT) scan images as a reference standard; and the integrity of morphological landmarks of the lateral mass and facet joints of the subaxial cervical spine. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Inj...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between ligamentum flavum (LF) thickening and lumbar segmental instability and disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Posterior spinal structures, including LF thickness, play a major role in lumbar spinal canal stenosis pathogenesis. The cause of LF thickening is multifactorial and...

BACKGROUND Before performing spine non-fusion surgery that retains the facet joints, choosing an accurate radiographic method to evaluate the degree of facet joint degeneration is extremely important. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of different radiographic classifications by analyzing the correlation between radiographic and pathologic grad...

BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an invaluable diagnostic tool for the detection and follow-up of retinal pathology in patients and experimental disease models. However, as morphological structures and layering in health as well as their alterations in disease are complex, segmentation procedures have not yet reached a satisfactory level of performance. Therefore, raw images and...