Quantum stabilizer states over Fm can be represented as self-dual additive codes over Fm2 . These codes can be represented as weighted graphs, and orbits of graphs under the generalized local complementation operation correspond to equivalence classes of codes. We have previously used this fact to classify self-dual additive codes over F4. In this paper we classify selfdual additive codes over ...

We demonstrate that simply by using the ethnic makeup surrounding a firm’s location, we can predict, on average, which trade links are valuable for firms. Using customs and port authority data on the international shipments of all U.S. publicly-traded firms, we show that firms are significantly more likely to trade with countries that have a large resident population near their firm headquarter...

Linguistic distance, i.e. the dissimilarity between languages, is an important factor infl uencing international economic transactions such as migration or international trade fl ows by imposing hurdles for second language acquisition and increasing transaction costs. To measure these costs, we suggest to use a new measure of linguistic distance. The Levenshtein distance is an easily computed a...

The factors behind the increase in the relative wages of skilled workers in developing countries are still not well understood. The authors use data from Peru to analyze the determinants of withinindustry share of skilled workers. They use a translog cost function for gross output and are therefore able to incorporate the effects of materials, both domestic and imported, in addition to capital....

A novel method to reduce additive non-stationary noise is proposed. The proposed method requires neither the statistical assumption about noise nor the estimate of the noise statistics from any pause regions. The enhancement is performed on a band-by-band basis for each time frame. Based on both the decision on whether a particular band in a frame is speech or noise dominant and the masking pro...

Using an economic geography model, we analyze the impact of an increase in trade unions’ bargaining strength on firms’ location decision. We show that an increase in workers’ bargaining power entails two effects. On the one hand, the standard labor cost effect induces firms to relocate their production abroad. On the other hand, trade unions, by stealing profits from foreign capitalists, create...

Using a linked employer-employee data set for Germany, this paper studies how worker turnover is related to establishments‘ international trade involvement. The descriptive analysis shows that trading establishments have lower worker turnover rates than non-traders, suggesting a higher degree of employment stability. Conditional on an extensive set of control variables, exporting is further ass...

In this paper, we use detailed trade and transactions data for the U.S. manufacturing sector to empirically analyze the direction and magnitude of the association between firm-level exposure to trade and the volatility of employment growth. We find that, relative to purely domestic firms, firms that only export and firms that both export and import are less volatile, whereas firms that only imp...