It is vividly debated how the ongoing process of European integration will a¤ect the need and scope for welfare state activities. To some this process signals that welfare state activities have to be rolled back, while others stress that international integration may increase the need for (explicit or implicit) social insurance arrangements. This paper discusses these issues by first considerin...

This paper discusses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on market entry and welfare in a model of two countries and two periods. In the first period, firms enter the market as national firms, in the second period, FDI is possible. The paper demonstrates that FDI reduces market entry because equilibrium profits in the second period decline with a decrease in the fixed cost of FDI. The...

This study examines optimal emission policy in a union of countries. In each country, labor is used in either production or research and development (R&D) which increases the probability of the improvement of production technology. The production of goods in any country incurs emissions that are spread all over the union. A household’s utility in any country depends positively on his personal c...

Aim/purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze regional trade integration 10 Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE-10) during the 2004-2018 period, identify regional- country-level patterns attribute them potential causes indicated by literature. Design/methodology/approach employed literature-based indicators data on CEE-10 in goods conducted a review empirical studies investigating...

Supply chain resilience (SCR) is crucial for organizational sustainability and growth. This paper explores the factors of digitalization in banking sector achieving e-commerce service supply chain. Most previous researchers have explored using structural equation modeling. study identifies evaluates digital that improve Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Decision-Making Trial Evaluation Lab...

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that, during renal development, the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) activates the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) transcription factor by creating medullary hypertonicity. TonEBP, in turn, drives the expression of aldose reductase (AR) and urea transporter-A (UT-A). Kidneys from 13- to19-day-old fetuses (F13-F19), 1- to...

We study the mid-infrared properties of a sample of 69 nearby spiral galaxies, selected to avoid Seyfert activity contributing a significant fraction of the central energetics, or strong tidal interaction, and to have normal infrared luminosities. These observations were obtained with ISOCAM, which provides an angular resolution of the order of 10 (half-power diameter of the point spread functi...

OBJECTIVES Moxifloxacin (MXF) has been advocated for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis despite resistance to older-generation fluoroquinolones. We investigated the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MXF and mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province of South Afri...