Solubility and permeability of nitrofurantoin (NITRO) were compared with those its cocrystals containing isoniazid (ISO), bipyridyl (BIP), or phenanthroline (PHE) as coformers, their parent mixtures. NITRO dissolution profiles evaluated via HPLC; we resorted to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations rationalize the experimental data on basis nitrofurantoin–coformers nitrofurantoin–water intermolec...

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, caused by disturbance in ER homeostasis, has been implicated in several pathological conditions such as ischemic injury, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases and more recently in inflammatory conditions. Our present study aims at understanding the role of ER stress in endothelial cell (EC) inflammation, a critical event in the pathogenesis of acute ...

Cancer cells require the regulation of organelle-specific unfolded protein responses, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, because of their increased metabolic activity during rapid proliferation and cell growth, which are executed through the activation of diverse signaling pathways. In this study, we focused on the dynamic regulation of ER stress in accordance with cancer cellular deman...

Diorganozinc compounds (ZnR2) with R = CH2Ph or CH2CH=CH2 react with 2,6-bisiminopyridines ((iPr)BIP) to afford thermally stable dihydropyridinate(-1) complexes, and do not react if R = CH2SiMe3 or CH2CMe2Ph. NMR studies reveal that dibenzylzinc binds (iPr)BIP at -80 °C, yielding the unstable complex [Zn(CH2Ph)2((iPr)BIP)]. Above -20 °C, this undergoes selective alkyl migration to the remote 4 ...

We have addressed the mechanism by which proteins are posttranslationally transported across the membrane of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We demonstrate that BiP (Kar2p), a member of the Hsp70 family resident in the ER lumen, acts as a molecular ratchet during translocation of the secretory protein prepro-alpha factor through the channel formed by the Sec complex. Multiple BiP molecule...

Es wird versucht, quantitative Werte zur Messung der Informationskompetenz von Volkswirtschaften zu entwickeln. Zudem sollen Korrelationen zwischen der Informationskompetenz und der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit darüber Auskunft geben, wie Gesamtwirtschaft und Informationswirtschaft eines Landes zusammenhängen. Operationalisierung. "Informationskompetenz wird durch den Umsatz auf national...

Accumulation of misfolded secretory proteins causes cellular stress and induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although the UPR has been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular changes that distinguish the homeostatic and stressed ER. The increase in levels of misfolded proteins and formation of complexes with chaperones duri...

In the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway, accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates a transmembrane kinase/ribonuclease Ire1, which causes the transcriptional induction of ER-resident chaperones, including BiP/Kar2. It was previously hypothesized that BiP/Kar2 plays a direct role in the signaling mechanism. In this model, association of BiP/Ka...

When a protein misfolds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it retrotranslocates to the cytosol and is degraded by the proteasome via a pathway called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). To initiate ERAD, ADP-BiP is often recruited to the misfolded client, rendering it soluble and translocation competent. How the misfolded client is subsequently released from BiP so that it undergoes retrotransloc...